Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thödol) Reference library
Casey Alexandra Kemp
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Buddhism
...and Eighteenth Century Tibet , ed. Bryan Cuevas and Kurtis Schaeffer (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006), 91–101 ; Janet Gyatso , “Logic of Legitimation in the Tibetan Treasure Tradition,” History of Religions 33, no. 2 (1993): 97–134 ; Robert Mayer , “gTer ston and Tradent: Innovation and Conservation in Tibetan Treasure Literature,” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 36/37 (2015): 227–242 ; Cathy Cantwell , “Different Kinds of Composition/Compilation Within the Dudjom Revelatory Tradition,” Journal of the...
Bible Reference library
James E. Bowley
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
.... A tradition of scholarship on the ancient texts of Miqra developed in the city of Tiberius on the western shore of the Lake of Galilee during the sixth to ninth centuries. Similar schools were also found in Byzantium and Mesopotamia. These scholars, known as Masoretes or “tradents,” utilized texts of the twenty-four sacred books of rabbinic Judaism, and developed various systems for adding vowels to the Hebrew texts, recording the texts in codices, tracking all manner of textual details, and attempting to copy with accuracy. Clearly, the additions of...
Isaiah Reference library
Christopher B. Hays
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
...long history of composition and compilation is one of the most widely accepted conclusions of critical biblical scholarship. A further level of complexity is introduced by the fact that at least chapters 1–39 are widely recognized to have been augmented and edited by later tradents (that is, those who passed on the texts). Because of the intricacies of that topic, the two major sections of the book will be addressed first, followed by a reflection on the implications for theories of the book's formation. Since the influential work of Bernard Duhm more than...
Judges Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
...of their ancestors and not to be tampered with, but they could be expanded and remodeled through new anterior and posterior construction. Though Judges had many authors from many eras, they all played by a common set of rules. Each person in the chain (whom scholars now call a “tradent”) was obliged to pass on the revered tradition he received, while at the same time commenting on it and adjusting it through prefacing and extending the existing material, and adding new sections around the inherited core. That leads us to imagine that the evolution of the book...
Matthew, Gospel According to Reference library
Anders Runesson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible
...some of these texts influenced, in their written form, one or more of the other gospels as these were being produced. Finally, all agree that oral traditions continued to be transmitted after the gospels were written down, so that we have authority divided between texts and tradents well into the second century. These basic factors need to be taken into account as Matthew's sources and literary history are considered. Before discussing the Synoptic Problem, we need to briefly note the facts, that is, the identifiable condition of the texts as they relate to...
