Oxford Reference Search Results

Social Justice, Anti-Poverty Work, and Religion   Reference library

Lara Rusch, R. Khari Brown, Ronald E. Brown, and Francine Banner

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion

...soup kitchen, clothing, and homeless programs engaging in community organizing relative to those that provide such programs. That being said, the estimates for Figure 1 are based upon the following formula: P r ( y = 1 | X ¯ , m a x , x k )   −   P r ( y = 1 | X ¯ , m i n , x k ) in which Y represents community organizing and X represents soup kitchen, clothing, and homeless programs. 18. The probability estimates listed in Figures 2 and 3 are derived from logit regression analyses in which the community organizing, clothing, homeless, and food...

Games and Sports   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

...August 6, 2004. http.//www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/08/4378bd27-94bd-436b-bef7-05adf4aa9d28.html . Nambiar, Shanthy , and Shamim Adam . “Muslim Swimwear Eases Australian divide, Makes Waves in Market.” http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20670001&refer&=home&sid=aVptIJY9X7yQ . “Piscataway: First Islamic Games will be held.” http://www.icna.org/icna-press-clippings/let-the-islamic-games-begin.html . Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al- . Islamic Education and Hassan al Banna . Translated by Shakil Ahmed . Beirut, 1984. Rahman, Afzalur . Role of Muslim Women in...

Religious Regulation in Brazil   Reference library

Claudia Cerqueira and Guadalupe Tuñón

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion

...the bill first, the executive branch proposed the bill that was finally passed. 19. Moraes suspends law of Rondônia that prevented to charge ICMS of churches and temples 20. See for example, “Ensino religioso é obrigatório em 49% de escolas públicas, contra lei” ( http://oglobo.globo.com/ ). 21. The complete presentation can be found online at ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6VzAAtXN9c ). 22. Afro-Brazilian religions in general have faced a wave of attacks due to religious intolerance: their houses of worship, referred to as “terreiros,” have been...

On the Paradox of State Religion and Religious Freedom   Reference library

Zachary Elkins

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion

...separately, for Latin America the proportion of those constitutions with state religion and those with religious freedom. Latin America is an analytically useful subgroup because its population of states is fairly stable across the last 200 years. Figure 2 shows a striking X-like pattern: evidently, in Latin America at least, state religion and religious freedom have trended in two very different directions. The graph shows that throughout most of the 19th century , most Latin American countries provided for a state religion, but not religious freedom....

Popular Religion   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

...local belief and practice and therefore antagonizing his already-estranged group. Louis Farrakhan, once his friend, demanded his death. A few months later, in 1965 , Malcolm X was shot. Spike Lee's 1992 film Malcolm X revealed the complexity and character of Malcolm X. It also revealed his continuing relevance to America. The first American Muslim martyr, Malcolm X, ironically, has of late been recognized as a modern popular icon—not just a marginal black leader. In the 1970s, important changes were taking place among the Black Muslims. After...

Arabic Literature   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

...into European literature. The book of animal fables Kalilah wa Dimnah , originally translated from the Sanskrit Pancatantra into Middle Persian, and then into Arabic in ʿAbbāsid Baghdad by the Persian vizier Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ , was translated into Spanish at the court of Alfonso X. The Sindbad legends were also translated into Spanish as Libro de los Engaños , and the popular work of advice literature, El Conde Lucanor , included a number of stories based on Arabic proverbs. Philosophical Influences. From quite early in the development of Islamic orthodoxy,...

Experimentation in the Study of Religion and Politics   Reference library

Paul A. Djupe and Amy Erica Smith

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion

...; Campbell, Green, & Monson, 2012 ); Joe Lieberman’s historic vice presidential nomination led Kane, Craig, and Wald ( 2004 ) to investigate discrimination against Jewish candidates. List experimental studies have asked, would voters discriminate against “Religious Outgroup X” if they thought no one was watching (as is the case in the privacy of the polling booth)? Respondents are randomly assigned to receive one of two lists of items and asked to report the number of items with which they agree. For instance, interviewers in Kane et al.’s ( 2004 ) ...

Islam   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

...their home straddling major trade routes in the Indian Ocean. A disproportionately urban population—40 percent are city dwellers in a country that is only 20 percent urbanized—they trace their ancestry through both migration and conversion on a patrilineal model going back to the seventh century ce and the time of Muḥammad. They are a small community, numbering perhaps 7 percent of the total population of 20 million Sri Lankans ( 2007 census). The majority of Sinhalas are Theravada Buddhists, with a minority of Tamil Hindus in one section of the island. It is...

Mosque   Reference library

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World

...Sister Clara Muhammad schools have been operating since the early 1970s. Like these schools, which were named after the wife of the Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad , many Muslim schools are given the names of well-known figures in Muslim history, such al-Ghazālī , Malcolm X ( El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz ), and Averroës ( Ibn Rushd ). The Lycée Averroës in Lille, France, was granted permission to operate France 's first private institute of Islamic studies in 2003 by the city 's education authorities. Other schools adopt Arabic names that evoke goals...