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Psalms Reference library
C. S. Rodd and C. S. Rodd
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...have been a hymn of praise sung at the Feast of Booths (Tabernacles), but the emphasis upon the rains (though a feature of the Autumn Festival) may indicate that it belonged earlier in the agricultural year, perhaps at the beginning of the barley harvest (at the Feast of Unleavened Bread), or simply looking forward to the promise of a future plenty now that the rains have come. Others have suggested that it was intended as thanksgiving after a time of drought when the crops had begun to grow again ( cf. 1 Kings 8:35–6 ; the linking of lack of rain and sin may...
Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the American Musical
...to the musical as they had with most Disney entries in the 1990s, yet the movie was extremely popular in Europe, so the company's stage version was produced in Germany. The Hunchback of Notre Dame . While the Feast of Fools is going on in the streets of Paris, the hunchback Quasimodo (pictured) celebrates far above them in the towers of Notre Dame, wishing he could be part of it all. When his wish comes true, he is humiliated by the crowd. Such potent drama was not diminished because it was an animated film; in many ways animation was ideal for such a...
Boris Godunov Quick reference
The Grove Book of Operas (2 ed.)
... opposite). d Entrance of Varlaam and Missail: their song is based on an old epic song Musorgsky had transcribed from the singing of the famous bard Trofim Ryabinin. e ‘Revolutionary’ chorus in da capo form: the middle section based on a song from Balakirev's anthology of 1866. f The False Dmitry's (Pretender's) procession, including Jesuit hymns; Dmitry's proclamation and the crowd's glorification of him (procession music adapted from Salammbô). g The Holy Fool laments the fate of Russia (from the end of Part 4.i, 6e opposite). Boris Godunov is the...
May Night Quick reference
The Grove Book of Operas (2 ed.)
...part to dictate the succession of musical numbers, and wherever possible he drew on authentic folk materials, particularly the collection of Ukrainian folksongs published in 1872 by his St Petersburg Conservatory colleague Alexander Rubets, from which he chose eight songs. With its feast of folksong, May Night was not only a faithful counterpart to its literary prototype. It was also a fulfilment of Gogol's own prophecy – made in 1836 , the year of A Life for the Tsar – that Glinka's example would lead to opera made out of ‘our national life’. A ct 1 A...
Jonson, Ben Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature
...by fools. The people Jonson admires are notable for their stoicism and difference from the herd, above which they rise like monuments. As Jonson says of his friend the earl of Pembroke, his “noblesse keeps one stature still, / And one true posture, though besieged with ill” ( Epigram 102). Yet there is nothing puritanical about this virtue: fastidiousness and austerity are as much enemies of the good life as is vice. The typical Jonson situation is the convivial feast, when some of the few come together to enjoy themselves decently but liberally, taking...
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature
...“so blythe” ( 2321 ). It is worth noting that 1 January , the day of these axe blows, is both the Feast of the Circumcision and the Feast of Fools. The role of official religion in all this remains mysterious. Bishop Baldwin is a benchwarmer: he sits at the head of the table but has nothing to say about Camelot's beheading game. “The mete and the masse,” feasting and chapel ( 1414 ), form part of the regularized routine of Hautdesert. Gawain crosses himself as part of the fakery of courtly performance ( 1202 ); the lady blesses him ( 1296 ) following their...
Miami Reference library
Doug Duda
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...Gaines, Steven . Fool's Paradise: Players, Poseurs, and the Culture of Excess in South Beach . New York: Crown Publishers, 2009. Gannon, Michael . Florida, a Short History . Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993. Posner, Gerald . Miami Babylon: Crime, Wealth, and Power—a Dispatch from the Beach . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Rieff, David . Going to Miami: Exiles, Tourists, and Refugees in the New America . Boston: Little, Brown, 1987. Standiford, Les . Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that...
The Zoque Carnivals of Northwestern Chiapas, Mexico Reference library
Gillian E. Newell
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mexican History and Culture
...of Romanic and Catholic origin, giving credibility to another important but oft-neglected historical point of influence: the Feast of Fools. Revisionist Max Harris clarifies that the Feast of Fools was undertaken in the Early Middle Ages by lower-ranked clergy, first in Northern France, and then throughout the Catholic Kingdom. 4 Inspired by the writings of Saint Paul, lower-ranked clergy chose and were allowed temporally to exalt and enact God’s witty liturgical wisdom instead of the morally heavier daily and strongly rule-based religious dogma of the...
comedy (Greek), Old, Middle, and New Reference library
Kenneth James Dover, William Geoffrey Arnott, and Peter George McCarthy Brown
The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (2 ed.)
...been two main types of such burlesque: straight travesty of a myth, with or without political innuendo, and parody of tragic (especially Euripides ’) versions. The aim was often to reinterpret a myth in contemporary terms; thus Heracles is asked to select a book from Linus’ library of classical authors (Alexis fr. 140 KA), and Pelops ( see olympia §1 ) complains about the meagre meals of Greece by contrast with the Persian king’s roast camel (Antiphanes fr. 172 KA). Popular also were riddles, long descriptions of food and feasting (often in...
Götterdämmerung Quick reference
The Grove Book of Operas (2 ed.)
...they tell him of the dangers the curse‐laden ring brings he says he will not succumb to threats. The Rhinemaidens abandon the ‘fool’, leaving Siegfried to meditate on the oddity of women's behaviour. Hagen's voice and falling semitone are heard, and Siegfried calls the hunting party over (scene ii). He tells them that the only game he has seen was three wild water‐birds, who told him he would be murdered that day. Siegfried drinks jovially from a horn, but Gunther can see only Siegfried's blood in his. Siegfried is asked to tell the story of his life, and he...
Consumption Reference library
Sue Bowden, Ian Blanchard, Lee A. Craig, and Olle Krantz
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History
...themselves for their relaxation were of much greater significance. Amid that considerable amount of unsanctified time, certain periods enjoyed a fixity and importance that was paralleled only in the observance of the major holy days. Even when forced by economic circumstances to abandon their free time, they clung with such an extraordinary tenacity to certain days in January and February (Saturnalia or the Feast of Fools) and May (Floralia) that it is impossible to doubt the significance of these holidays. As in the case of the holy days, these civil...
Islam in Africa to 1800: Merchants, Chiefs, and Saints Reference library
Nehemia Levtzion
The Oxford History of Islam
...of Muslim law were most apparent in marriage customs and sexual behavior. In 1352-53, during the reign of Mansa Sulayman, Mansa Musa's brother, the great traveler and author Ibn Battutah (1304–68) visited the king's court. He was impressed by the way Muslims in Mali observed public prayer on Fridays and by their concern for the study of the Quran. He described the celebration of the two great Islamic festivals: the “sacrificial feast” on the tenth day of the month of the pilgrimage and the festival of the “breaking of the fast” at the end of Ramadan....
Early African Pasts: Sources, Interpretations, Meanings Reference library
David Schoenbrun
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Historiography: Methods and Sources
...The use of bowls to feast near a mosque and the desire for beads of glass from India or the Persian Gulf, rather than beads of local shell, raises questions about the entanglement of affective and intellectual life with public eating and the importance of worldliness as a symbol of standing and authority. 62 Imports, properly displayed and used with locally produced things like ironwork, shell beads, pots, ivory, copper jewelry and boxes, and possibly gold bundled the enormous range of a high-status feast thrower’s network with the sensorium of the tasty...
Historical Overview Reference library
Andrew F. Smith, John U. Rees, Rachelle E. Friedman, John U. Rees, Alison Tozzi, Kara Newman, Anne Mendelson, Amy Bentley, Sylvia Lovegren, and Sylvia Lovegren
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (2 ed.)
...then. You are fools to make yourselves slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hard-tack, and a little sugar and coffee.” Soldiers’ Food. Society's idea of the daily food needed for basic sustenance was reflected in the U.S. Army Civil War ration ( 1861–1864 ): … twelve ounces of pork or bacon, or, one pound and four ounces of salt or fresh beef; one pound and six ounces of soft bread or flour, or, one pound of hard bread, or, one pound and four ounces of corn meal; and to every one hundred rations, fifteen pounds of beans or peas, and ten pounds of rice or...
Painting Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History
...examples, but also to the Renaissance image of the “ship of fools,” or to the idea of the ship and voyage as a metaphor for the passage of life. Toward the mid-seventeenth century the stiff “mannerism” of these early artists gave way to a more naturalistic style, based upon direct observation of natural effects of weather, cloud formations, atmosphere, light, and water, in compositions that featured a significantly lower horizon line, to maximize the amount of the pictorial surface given over to the treatment of the sky. Subject matter also became more modest...
Religion Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...for high praise: Greek Religion.Sculpture of Zeus, 330–27 b.c.e. Art Resource, NY Justice (Dike) beats Outrage (Hybris) when she comes at length to the end of the race. But only when he has suffered does the fool learn this. For Oath keeps pace with skewed judgments. There is a noise when Justice is being dragged to where men who devour bribes and pass sentences with crooked judgments lead. But she, wrapped in mist, pursues the city and habits of peoples, weeping, and bringing evil to men, especially those who have driven her out and did not deal straightly...
Thomson, Virgil (25 Nov 1896) Reference library
Anthony Tommasini and Richard Jackson
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...pf; The Feast of Love (from Pervigilium veneris, trans. Thomson), Bar, orch, 1964 , arr. with pf, unpubd; From Byron's Don Juan, T, orch, 1967 , unpubd With instruments: 5 Phrases from The Song of Solomon, S, perc, 1926 ; Stabat mater (M. Jacob), S, str qt. 1931 , rev. 1981 , arr. S, str orch, unpubd, arr. 1v, pf, 1960 ; 4 Songs to Poems of Thomas Campion, Mez, cl, va, harp, 1951 , arr. Mez, pf, arr. SATB, pf, 1955 With piano: The Sunflower (W. Blake), 1920 , unpubd; Vernal Equinox (A. Lowell), 1920 , unpubd; 3 Sentences from The Song of Solomon, ...
Chinese Aesthetics Reference library
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
...courtly ritual as their reference and end value, and music as their leading model. “The way of music and the way of governing are one.” “When the Eight Sounds harmonize, men and Spirits rejoice” ( Li ji [Records of Ritual], c. 200 bce ). Musical performance was, of course, only one element in a complex of ritual activities including tribute, hunting, investitures, communal feasting, archery demonstrations, weddings, funerals, and ancestral sacrifice; but the theory of music possessed a formal language apt to elucidate the patterns common to all these...
Chinese Aesthetics Reference library
Haun Saussy, Susan H. Bush, and Ban Wang
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...ritual as their reference and end value and music as their leading model: “The way of music and the way of governing are one.” “When the Eight Sounds harmonize, men and Spirits rejoice” ( Li ji [Records of Ritual], ca . 200 bce ). Musical performance was, of course, only one element in a complex of ritual activities including tribute, hunting, investitures, communal feasting, archery demonstrations, weddings, funerals, and ancestral sacrifice; but the theory of music possessed a formal language appropriate for elucidating the patterns common to all...
Vietnam Reference library
Jakob Pastoetter and J. Pastoetter
Contiuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
...the responsibility of the eldest son to take care of the various anniversaries during the year. For this, he receives income from a number of rice fields or land as a hereditary state. The eldest son records the ancestor's date of death in a family register. On the day of the anniversary, the chief of the family, properly attired, stands solemnly before the altar, with three sticks of incense in his hands, held to the level of his forehead, and says the pseudonym, the real name, and the date of death, and invites the ancestor to the feast. At the same time, he...
