Aaron Douglas
(1899–1979).Painter. A leader of the Harlem Renaissance, he led the way for African-American artists to employ explicitly black themes, fostering a resurgence of racial pride in black art. Born in ...
abolitionism
A term associated with protest on grounds of inhumanity and a call for the abolition of slavery (see, for example, the arguments of William Wilberforce, 1759–1833). More recently extended to the ...
Absalom Jones
(b. 6 November 1746; d. 13 February 1818), African American religious leader, abolitionist, social activist, and first black bishop of the Episcopal Church.Jones was born a slave in Sussex ...
acculturation
[Th]Transference of ideas, beliefs, traditions, and sometimes artefacts by long‐term, personal contact and interaction between communities or societies. Adoption through assimilation by prolonged ...
African American Religion.
The religious beliefs of so large and diverse a population cannot be unified into a single, artificial scheme. The African dispersion has now mingled with many other sources, and black ...
African Diaspora
[This entry contains two subentries dealing with the African diaspora, from the origins of slave trade through nineteenth-century America. The first article focuses on the evolution and criticism of ...
African Methodist Episcopal Church
The first church in the USA to be made up entirely of African-Americans. It came into being in 1787 when those with black skin refused to be segregated in the ...
African Union Methodism
African Union Methodism originated in 1813 in Wilmington, Delaware, as one of several independent black Protestant denominations established in the early Republic in reaction to the racism of ...
African-American Publishing Outlets
When Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm founded the first black newspaper in 1827, a new phase in the struggle for African-American liberation began. The opening editorial of Freedom's Journal ...
Africanisms
Africanisms refer to African cultural and linguistic practices that survived the passage across the Atlantic Ocean, including language, music, dance, medicine, folk culture, food preparation, and ...
Aimee Semple McPherson
(1890–1944).Born in Salford, Ontario, Aimee Kennedy Semple Hutton McPherson—one of the most famous women of the 1920s and 1930s—has been the subject of (mostly scurrilous) plays, books, songs, and ...
Albert Cleage
(b. 13 June 1911; d. 20 February 2000),clergyman, And Pearl (b. 7 December 1948), author, journalist, and playwright. Albert Buford Cleage was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up ...
Ame Church
The long and illustrious history of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church dates back to the eighteenth century. The founder Richard Allen, a former slave who had been able to ...
Ame Zion Church
When Methodism arrived in New York State in 1766, it welcomed blacks into its Christian fellowship. As the Methodist Church expanded it became increasingly discriminatory toward African Americans. ...
American Anti-Slavery Society
The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) was founded in 1833 by a small group of radicals calling for the immediate abolition of slavery. The leading spirit was William Lloyd Garrison, whose ...
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
Founded in 1810 by Congregational ministers from Massachusetts during the Second Great Awakening to send missionaries both abroad and to the southern and western United States—to convert Native ...
Amy Kirby Post
(b. 20 December 1802; d. 29 January 1889) and (b. 26 February 1798; d. 9 May 1872), abolitionists.Amy and Isaac Post were key organizers of the abolitionist movement in ...
Anthony Benezet
(b. 31 January 1713; d. 13 May 1784), Quaker educator and abolitionist.Anthony Benezet was born to Huguenot parents in Saint-Quentin, Picardy, France. His father, Jean-Etienne Benezet, and his mother ...
Antislavery Movement
Frederick Douglass was perhaps the perfect embodiment of the American antislavery movement. As a young slave on a large Maryland plantation, he rebelled both physically and psychologically against ...
Antislavery Press
On 1 January 1831, in Boston, Massachusetts, William Lloyd Garrison launched his weekly antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, and a new phase in the history of the antislavery press was under ...
