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Ariel Sharon
(1928– )Israeli soldier and statesman; Prime Minister (2001–06). He served in the Israeli army from the foundation of the state until 1973, playing a central role in the Yom Kippur War. First elected ...
Ehud Barak
(b. 12 Feb. 1942).Prime Minister of Israel, 1999–2001 Born in Mishmar Hasharon of Polish immigrants, he joined the military in 1959 and advanced quickly through the ranks of the army. In 1972 he made ...
Gaza-Jericho Agreement
(13 Sept. 1993)A follow-up treaty to the Oslo Accords, in which the details of Palestinian autonomy were concluded. It provided for the establishment of Palestinian autonomy in the Gaza Strip and the ...
intifada
The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987. The word comes from Arabic intifāḍa ‘an uprising’ (literally ‘a jumping up as a reaction to ...
Israeli-Palestinian Accord
Agreement that aimed to end hostilities between Palestinians and Israelis, especially in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Secret talks began in the mid-1980s. On September 13, 1993, a ‘Declaration ...
Labour Party, Israel
Israel's major progressive party on the left, created in 1968 from the merger of the Mapai Party with two smaller socialist parties. It combined Zionism with socialism, through the encouragement of ...
Likud (‘Union’), Israel
An alliance of a number of right-wing parties which was established in 1973, and grew into a cohesive movement by 1977. Led then by Begin, its victory in that year produced a major sea-change in ...
Oslo Accords
(Aug. – Sept. 1993)After months of secret negotiations sponsored by the Norwegian government, between representatives of the PLO and Israel, this was the breakthrough in the quest for a comprehensive ...
Shimon Peres
(b. 16 Aug. 1923).Prime Minster of Israel 1977, 1984–6, 1995–6Early careerBorn Shimon Peresky at Vishneva, Poland, he arrived in Palestine in 1934. He became active in the kibbutz movement as well as ...
West Bank
An area of Palestine west of the River Jordan, allocated by a UN Partition Plan of 1947 as a separate Arab state alongside an independent state of Israel. It was occupied by Jordan in 1948, and ...
Yasser Arafat
(b. 24 Aug. 1929, d. 10 Nov. 2004).Palestinian leader 1969–2004Early careerBorn in Jerusalem (according to other sources born on 21 March 1929 in Cairo), he participated in the war against Israeli ...
Yitzhak Shamir
(b. 15 Oct. 1915).Prime Minister of Israel 1983–4, 1986–92 Born Yitzhak Yzernitzky in Rozhinay (Poland), he became a radical Zionist while studying at Warsaw University. He emigrated to Palestine in ...
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