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Aelius Theon
(RE 5)of Alexandria, a rhetor of the 1st cent. ad, said to have written works on Xenophon (1), Isocrates, and Demosthenes (2), as well as an Art of Rhetoric ...
Alcidamas
(4th cent. bc),rhetorician and sophist, was born in Elaea in Aeolis, studied with Gorgias (1) and taught in Athens. His professional rivalry with Isocrates and his school emerges in ...
Androtion
(c.410–340 bc)was a rich Athenian politician and atthidographer (see atthis). His long political career involved service to Athens in many capacities. For some reason he ended his life in exile in ...
Archidamus
‘leader of the damos’ or people, was the name of several Eurypontid kings of Sparta, of whom the most notable were:
Areopagus
(in ancient Athens) a hill on which was sited the highest governmental council and later a judicial court. The name comes from Greek Areios pagos ‘hill of Ares’; the name for the site came to denote ...
Aristides, Publius Aelius
(ad 117–after 181),sophist (see second sophistic) and man of letters. Born in Mysia, he studied in Athens and Pergamum. Aged 26, he suffered the first of a long series of illnesses, which ended his ...
Asclepiades
(RE 27),of Tragilus (4th cent. bc), wrote an account of Greek mythology as told in tragedy, the six books of Tragodoumena (Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 12), just as earlier ...
Astydamas
The name of two tragic poets of the 4th cent.bc, father and son. The father was the son of Morsimus, son of Aeschylus' nephew Philocles. It appears that some of the information attached to the father ...
Attic Orators
By the 2nd cent. ad there was a list of ten Athenian orators (Lysias, Isaeus, Hyperīdēs, Isocratēs, Dīnarchus, Aeschinēs (1), Antiphōn, Lycurgus, Andocidēs, Dēmosthenēs (2) whose classic status was ...
Chares
(c. 400–c. 325 bc),famous Athenian soldier, probably more often general than any other Athenian of the 4th cent. except Phocion, notorious for his treatment of the allies of the ...
Common Peace
(κοινὴ εἰ̑ρήνη), the phrase used by Diodorus (3) Siculus, following Ephorus, and by some contemporaries (though not by Demosthenes (2), Isocrates, or Xenophon (1)) to describe a series of ...
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Greek critic and historian, lived and taught rhetoric at Rome, arriving ‘at the time Augustus put an end to the civil war’, and publishing the first part of his Roman Antiquities (Rhōmaïkē ...
divination
Art of knowing that which cannot be known by empirical or rational means. The Quran condemns practices connected with pagan cults, and divination is officially abrogated in Islam, but many Islamic ...
Ephorus
Of Cyme(c.405–330bc),a historian whose lost work is important because Diodorus (2) Siculus followed it extensively. The 30‐book History avoided the mythological period, beginning with the Return of ...
eupatridai
The term, meaning literally ‘the well-fathered ones’, came to be used exclusively in Athens, initially to denote an aristocracy of birth. Its earliest attested uses are on a mid-6th-cent. gravestone ...
Evagoras
c.435–374/3bc), an interesting and important figure in Greek, Persian, and Cypriot history. He was a member of the Teucrid house (cf. Tod 194), the traditional rulers of Cypriot Salamis. Exiled ...
forgeries, literary
GreekThe idea of literary property had already evolved by the 5th cent. bc, when Herodotus (1) doubted the Homeric authorship of Epigoni and Cypria (2. 117, 4. 32); see ...
freedom in the ancient world
The distinction free–unfree is attested in the earliest Greek and Roman texts (Linear B, Homer, Twelve Tables). As ‘chattel slavery’ became predominant, earlier status plurality was often replaced by ...
gnōmē
A maxim or aphorism: an important facet of Greek literary expression from the earliest period. Hesiod's Works and Days 694 is representative: ‘keep the rules: proportion is best in all things.’ The ...
Greek biography
Biography in antiquity was not a rigidly defined genre. Bios, ‘life’, or bioi, ‘lives’, spanned a range of types of writing. So the boundaries with neighbouring genres—the encomium, the biographical ...
