Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Home
(1903–95).Prime minister. Douglas‐Home succeeded to the earldom in 1951 but relinquished it in 1963 to re‐enter the Commons as prime minister, in succession to Harold Macmillan. In 1974 he returned ...
Aneurin Bevan
(b. 15 Nov. 1897, d. 6 July 1960).British politician Born in Tredegar, Monmouthshire, he started work in a coalmine at the age of 13. He was active in the South Wales Miners' Federation, and was ...
Anthony Crosland
(1918–77)British Labour politician and socialist theorist. C. A. R. (Tony) Crosland's The Future of Socialism (1956) was a revisionist critique of socialism which had an important impact on the ...
Barbara Castle
(b. 6 Oct. 1910, d. 3 May 2002).British Secretary of State for Employment (1968–70) Born in Bradford, she was educated at Bradford Girls' Grammar School, and Oxford. In the 1930s, she worked as a ...
Bernard Baruch
(1870–1965)US industrialist and financier, the respected adviser of presidents from Wilson to Eisenhower. In World War I he served on the Council of National Defense and was the successful Chairman ...
Board of Trade
The origins of the department may be traced back to 1621 when, in the face of a trade recession, a number of committees were appointed, under the guidance of Cranfield, to consider the matter. At the ...
Charles Evans Hughes
(b. Glen Falls, New York, 11 Apr. 1862; d. Osterville, Massachusetts, 27 Aug. 1948)US; Governor of New York 1906–10, Republican presidential candidate 1916 Hughes, the son of a Baptist preacher, was ...
Denis Healey
(1917– )British politician, deputy leader of the Labour Party (1980–83). He was created a life peer in 1992.Healey served in the army in World War II and was then secretary of the International ...
Edward Heath
(b. Broadstairs, Kent, 9 July 1916; d. Salisbury, Wiltshire, 17 July 2005)British; leader of the Conservative Party 1965–75, Prime Minister 1970–4; Kt. 1992 Ted Heath was the only son of a carpenter, ...
Edward Watson Short
(b. Westmorland, 17 Dec. 1912)British; Lord President of the Council and leader of the House of Commons 1974–6, deputy leader of the Labour Party 1972–6; Baron (life peer, Lord Glenamara) 1977 The ...
Eugene Victor Debs
(b. 5 Nov. 1855, d. 20 Oct. 1926).US socialist Born at Terre Haute, Indiana, he started work for the US railroad system at 14, and soon became a prominent advocate of labour organization. He became ...
European Economic Community
The European common market set up in 1957 by the six member states of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); i.e. Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands. At the ...
European integration
The formation of European states into the world's closest regional association, which has assumed many of the characteristics of statehood.Early history (up to 1957)The attempt to promote economic ...
Fourteen Points
(8 January 1918)A US peace programme for a just settlement at the end of World War I contained in President Woodrow Wilson's address to Congress. They comprised freedom of the seas, equality of trade ...
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(1882–1945)US Democratic statesman and thirty-second president of the USA (1933–45). His ‘New Deal’ policies helped US recovery from the economic depression of the 1930s.Born into a prominent New ...
George Alfred Brown
(1914–85).Brown was one of the Labour Party's most colourful characters, becoming deputy leader (1960–70) and foreign secretary (1966–8). He entered Parliament in 1945 and occupied several minor ...
Harold Macmillan
(1894–1986).Prime minister. Anglo‐American by birth, Macmillan proceeded from Eton to Balliol College, Oxford, where he secured a first in classical moderations. During the war he was badly injured. ...
Herbert Morrison
(b. 3 Jan. 1888, d. 6 Mar. 1965).British Labour politician Born in Brixton, he left school at 14, and held a variety of jobs, ranging from shop assistant to telephone operator. The loss of sight in ...
Hugh Gaitskell
(1906–63).As Labour party leader, Gaitskell exercised a more enduring impact on British politics than might be supposed from his brief ministerial career. After Winchester and Oxford, Gaitskell spent ...
isolationism
An approach to US foreign policy that advocates non-participation in alliances or in the affairs of other nations. It derives its spirit from George Washington's proclamation of neutrality in 1793, ...
