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ambiguous figure
An image such as the duck-rabbit, Mach illusion, Necker cube, reversible goblet, Schröder staircase, Scripture's blocks, or young girl/old woman figure, the perception of which appears to oscillate ...
analysis by synthesis
A recognition process in which hypotheses are formulated and compared with input data until one of the hypotheses produces a match. This is how experienced crossword-puzzle solvers often identify ...
bottom-up processing
Any form of information processing that is initiated, guided, and determined by input and that proceeds in sequential stages, with each stage coming closer to a final interpretation than the last, as ...
conceptually driven processing
Any cognitive or perceptual process that is controlled by higher-level processing or top-down processing. See also constructivism.
constructivism
Many cognitive psychologists now believe that humans learn most effectively where new information can be assimilated with previously held knowledge. This philosophy of learning is known as ...
direct perception
A theory of (mainly visual) perception, developed by the US psychologist James Jerome Gibson (1904–79) over a period of more than three decades, according to which the flux of light (called the ...
feature detection theory
Any of a number of theories according to which the perception of objects proceeds by recognizing individual features (1), such as a pair of wheels, a pair of pedals, a handlebar, a saddle, and an ...
hollow-face illusion
A concave mask or mould of a human face that looks like a normal convex face when viewed from a distance of about 150 centimetres or more and seems to turn to follow the viewer's movements. The ...
impression formation
The rapid creation of a unified perception or understanding of the character or personality of another person on the basis of a large number of diverse characteristics. One of the main problems in ...
indirect perception
An approach to perception associated with psychologists Gregory and Rock, in which it is conceptualized as a very active cognitive process of meaning-making (see also constructivism). The emphasis is ...
information processing
1. (computing) Performing operations on input data in a sequence of functional steps, transforming it into different output data in accordance with a specific goal.2. (cognitive psychology) A model ...
perceptual cycle
Neisser's model of perception as a cyclical process in which top-down processing and bottom-up processing drive each other in turn. To be purely data-driven we'd need to be mindless automatons; to be ...
salience
In perception and cognition, what stands out most prominently. This may involve both bottom-up processes driven by sensory data, and top-down processes driven by individual factors. All things being ...
schema
A plan, diagram, or outline, especially a mental representation of some aspect of experience, based on prior experience and memory, structured in such a way as to facilitate (and sometimes to ...
visual information processing
The various cognitive processes involved in interpreting visual data (including attention, encoding, and decoding). The psychologist Gregory notes that ‘We are so familiar with seeing that it takes a ...
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