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Adornment, Personal
Together with clothing, personal adornment was essential for the construction of personal identity in ancient Greece and Rome. The evidence for personal adornment can be reconstructed from Greek and ...
Claudius
(10 bc–54 ad)Roman emperor (41–54 ad). He spent his early life engaged in historical study, prevented from entering public life by his physical infirmity; he was proclaimed emperor after the murder ...
clavus angustus, latus
The angustus clavus was a narrow, the latus clavus a broad, purple upright stripe (possibly two stripes) stitched to or woven into the Roman tunic (see dress). The former indicated equestrian, the ...
clothing
What one wears is taken by others as an essential signal of status. The proverb is recorded in English from the early 15th century, but an earlier saying in classical Greek is, ‘the man is his ...
colours, sacred
Three colours are esp. important for sacral purposes in antiquity; they are white, black, and red, the last being understood in the widest sense, to include purple, crimson, even violet.White is in ...
dress
May meet practical needs such as protection against climate and labour hazards, but it has also been a powerful tool in the maintenance of hierarchy through its reflection of status ...
fabula
The ancient Roman term for a play. The genres of Roman drama were named and classified according to their subject matter. A fabula palliata was a play composed in Latin ...
Gabii
An ancient Latin city (see Latini) 19 km. (12 mi.) to the east of Rome, and situated in a geographically critical position on both east–west and north routes. Occupied from ...
Iulius Caesar, Gaius
(RE 134)eldest son of Agrippa and Iulia (3), was born in 20 bc and adopted by Augustus in 17. Augustus evidently hoped that he or his brother L. Iulius ...
Iulius Caesar, Lucius
(RE 145)second son of Agrippa and Iulia (3), was born in 17 bc and at once adopted, with his elder brother Gaius Iulius Caesar (2), by Augustus. In 2 ...
iuvenes
‘youths’, ‘youth’, of military age. When a Roman boy adopted the toga virilis, usually at 14, he became a iuvenis. At 17 those intending to follow an equestrian or senatorial career started the ...
Liber Pater
Italian god of fertility and esp. of wine, later commonly identified with Dionysus. He formed part of the Aventine triad, Ceres, Liber, and Libera, whose joint temple was founded in 493 bc, and ...
Loros
(λω̑ρος, from lorion, a strip of leather), a long scarf, esp. the heavy stole about 5 m long and studded with precious stones worn by both the emperor and empress. ...
Lucretius
[Na]Roman poet, born c.94 bc, whose only surviving work, De rerum natura, is a didactic poem expounding the Epicurean philosophy of man and the universe. He died c.55 bc.
Nero
[Na]Roman emperor ad 54–68, stepson and heir of the emperor Claudius. He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and ...
ovātiō/ovation
Was a form of victory celebration less lavish and impressive than a triumph. It could be granted to a general who was unable to claim a full triumph, e.g. because his victory had not involved the ...
Paenula
(φαινόλης, φ∈λόνης), a heavy cape or traveling cloak made usually of linen or wool, pulled on easily over the head like a poncho. Sometimes it had an attached hood. Originally ...
purple
Originally, a crimson dye obtained from some molluscs, formerly used for fabric worn by an emperor or senior magistrate in ancient Rome or Byzantium; in figurative use, imperial, royal. In later use, ...
Roman citizenship
In both the Greek and the Roman world in the Archaic period, it seems that communities were open to the arrival of people from elsewhere, at all social levels. Detailed rules for citizenship were ...
Roman sacrifice
Roman sacrificial practices were not functionally different from Greek, although the Roman rite was distinguishable from the Greek and Etruscan. As in the Greek world, sacrifice was the central ...
