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Anne Neville
(1456–85),queen of Richard III. Anne was a pawn in the ferocious political game of the later 15th cent. She was the second daughter of Richard Neville, earl of Warwick (‘the Kingmaker’). In 1470 Anne ...
battle of Barnet
1471.*Warwick, Edward IV's great ally at Towton, turned against him in 1470 and drove him out of the kingdom. Returning in March 1471, Edward landed near Hull. Warwick, in possession of London, ...
Beaufort
An English family descended from three illegitimate sons of John of Gaunt (fourth son of Edward III) and Katherine Swynford. The children were legitimated in 1407 but with the exclusion of any claim ...
Edward IV
(1442–83),king of England (1461–70, 1471–83). The tall and handsome ‘Rose of Rouen’, born in that city, the eldest son of Richard, duke of York, gained the throne of England in March 1461 when he was ...
Edward of Lancaster, prince of Wales
(1453–71)Son of Henry VI of England (1422–61) and Margaret of Anjou, he was excluded from succession in 1460 and exiled with his mother. Married to Anne, the daughter of ...
Henry VII
(1457–1509),king of England (1485–1509). Though the belief that Henry VII was a new kind of ruler at the head of a new kind of monarchy has long been abandoned, he was certainly an unusual ruler. ...
House of Lancaster
The English royal house descended from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, that ruled England from 1399 (Henry IV) until 1461 (the deposition of Henry VI) and again on Henry's brief restoration in ...
Jasper Tudor, 1st earl of Pembroke and 1st duke of Bedford
(c.1431–95).The second son of Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois, Jasper was created earl of Pembroke in 1452. He was one of the few die‐hard Lancastrians. Ruling Wales on behalf of Henry VI from ...
John Morton
(c. 1420–1500).Cardinal. Morton was one of the greatest ecclesiastical statesmen of the 15th cent. A useful ecclesiastical lawyer, he advanced rapidly under the patronage of Archbishop Bourchier but, ...
Margaret of Anjou
Queen of England, b. 23 Mar. 1430, da. of René, duke of Anjou, and Isabella, da. of Charles, duke of Lorraine; m. Henry VI, 23 Apr. 1445; d. 25 Aug. 1482; bur. Angers.Disliked by many English as a ...
prince of Wales Edward
B. 13 Oct. 1453, s. of Henry VI and Margaret; m. Anne, da. of Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, 13 Dec. 1470; d. 4 May 1471; bur. Tewkesbury abbey.Edward was an unlucky prince. The birth of an heir ...
Sir John Fortescue
(c.1395–c.1477) English jurist and political theorist active during the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV.Educated at Lincoln’s Inn, he was created serjeant-at-law in 1438 and king’s serjeant in ...
Wars of the Roses
(1455–85)A protracted struggle for the throne of England, lasting for 30 years of sporadic fighting. These civil wars grew out of the bitter rivalry between two aspirants to the throne – Edmund ...
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