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coaction effect
The effect on an individual's task performance of the presence of other individuals engaged in the same activity. Depending on the nature of the task, the effect on performance may be positive or ...
collective effort model
In psychology, a model proposing that working on tasks as part of a group tends to weaken individual motivation by (1) lowering the individual's expectancy that his or her actions can lead to the ...
diffusion of responsibility
A reduced sense of personal responsibility and individual accountability experienced in certain circumstances by members of a group, often leading to behaviour untypical of any of the group members ...
group dynamics
1. The structure and interactional processes that take place within small groups in face-to-face interaction: see also communication network.2. The study of small groups and the interaction processes ...
group performance
The actual productivity of a group, that is, its achievements, such as scoring a goal, winning a game, or the potential productivity which consists of the group's best possible performance given its ...
Ringelmann effect
Another name for social loafing. [Named after the French agricultural engineer Maximilien (Max) Ringelmann (1861–1931) who first investigated the phenomenon in 1882–7]
social loafing Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine (3 ed.)
The reduction in individual effort and motivation as group size increases. Social loafing may help to explain performance losses in the Ringelmann's effect, and may be due to a diffusion ...
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Steiner's model
A model of the relation between individual abilities or resources on a team and how the team members interact. It is summarized by the equation: actual productivity = potential productivity − faulty ...
sucker effect
The finding that some individuals will reduce their individual effort when working on a group task because they fear becoming, or being seen as, a ‘sucker’, i.e. someone who contributes more to the ...
