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acculturation
[Th]Transference of ideas, beliefs, traditions, and sometimes artefacts by long‐term, personal contact and interaction between communities or societies. Adoption through assimilation by prolonged ...
aggression
Behaviour in an animal that serves to intimidate or injure another animal, but that is not connected with predation.
anticipatory socialization
Adoption of attitudes and values of a group to which one does not belong, serving the twin functions of facilitating a move into that group and easing the process of adjustment after becoming a ...
autoethnography
The use of personal experience as data in the study of a selected topic such as socialization, or gender relations. For example, the homophobic characteristics of rugby can be illuminated by someone ...
common sense
In early modern writing (e.g. Descartes) the faculty responsible for coordinating the deliveries of the different senses. In this meaning the objects of common sense are the ‘common sensibles’, i.e. ...
consensus
1. General agreement about some issue within a group or in public opinion: compare dissensus.2. Shared ideas, norms, and values in a society (for functionalists, particularly Parsons, the basis of ...
cultivation theory
Gerbner's hypothesis that heavy television viewing tends to cultivate attitudes towards the social world that are based on the world represented onscreen. The mass media act as a socializing agent, ...
cultural capital
A term introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to refer to the symbols, ideas, tastes, and preferences that can be strategically used as resources in social action. He sees this cultural capital as a ...
cultural reproduction
The maintenance and perpetuation of dominant values, norms, cultural forms, and power relations across generations, that is accomplished though socialization (particularly education) and the ...
Culture and Personality School
A development in the study of socialization that arose principally in the United States in the 1930s. The theory combined elements of psychology, anthropology, and sociology, but principally involved ...
denomination
Most English, Welsh, and Scottish schools tend to be non‐denominational, and thus religious observance and study are not a compulsory part of the curriculum. In Scotland those which are ...
dominant ideology
1. The ideas, attitudes, values, beliefs, and culture of the ruling class in a society; usually also the function of these in validating the status quo. The nature and coherence of capitalist ...
Donald Woods Winnicott
(1896–1971)A British paediatrician and psychoanalyst whose work on the mother-baby relationship directed attention to the infant's environment and to ‘good-enough mothering’. Often discussed by ...
dress code
1. Explicit rules for how people may and may not dress in a specific context, specified by those with ownership and/or control of that location. Usually associated with ‘formal dress’, but including ...
dual consciousness
A term used to describe the world-view of people who simultaneously hold two apparently inconsistent sets of beliefs. It is particularly associated with the ideas of Gramsci. This is usually ascribed ...
educational function
One of four basic kinds of uses of social communication listed by Schramm from the perspective of the individual, in which the normative objectives are for the sender to teach and for the receiver to ...
ego psychology
A school of psychoanalysis based on the analysis of the ego, founded in 1939 by the Austrian-born US psychoanalyst Heinz Hartmann (1894–1970), including the US-based German psychologist Ernst Kris ...
enculturation
The process of formally and informally learning and internalizing the prevailing values, and accepted behavioural patterns of a culture. The term is sometimes used synonymously with socialization. ...
expectations
1. (expectancy effect) A top-down factor in perception generated by particular contexts and/or purposes that contributes to the relative salience of data: see also contextual expectations; perceptual ...
fatalism
The doctrine that what will be will be, or that human action has no influence on events. ‘Either a bullet has my number on it or it does not; if it does, then there is no point taking precautions for ...
