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ager publicus
Public land, comprised lands acquired by Rome by conquest from her enemies or confiscation from rebellious allies. By tradition there was, as early as the 5th cent. bc, dispute between patricians and ...
agrarian laws and policy
Allocation of land by the community is attested in the Greek world at the times of new city foundations (see colonization, greek), and when land was annexed (cleruchies). There is also some evidence ...
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Quintus
(RE 94)son of Q. Caecilius Metellus, fought under L. Aemilius Paullus (2) and was on an embassy sent to announce the victory of Pydna to the senate. He was ...
Capua
By c.600 bc, Capua was an Etruscan city and head of a league of twelve cities. The surrounding area was known as the ager Campanus (see campania). After 474, when the Etruscans were defeated by a ...
Claudius Pulcher, Appius
(RE 295)as consul 143 bc with difficulty defeated the Salassi and, against the will of the senate, triumphed, protected against a veto by his daughter who was a Vestal ...
Cornelia
Second daughter of Cornelius Scipio Africanus, married Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (1). Of her twelve children only three reached adulthood: Sempronia, who married Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, and ...
Cornēlius Scīpiō Aemiliānus Africānus (Numantīnus), Publius
B. 185/4 bc as second son of Aemilius Paullus (2), adopted as a child by Cornelius Scipio, son of Cornelius Scipio Africanus. In 168 he fought under Paullus at Pydna. Back in Rome, he met Polybius, ...
Cornelius Scipio Africanus (the elder), Publius
(RE 336)son of P. Cornelius Scipio (1) and nephew of Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus, husband of the daughter of L. Aemilius Paullus (1), father of P. Cornelius Scipio (2) ...
Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio, Publius
In 133 he vigorously opposed his cousin Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (2). When Gracchus mobilized a mob to seek re‐election as tribune, he was accused of aiming at tyranny, but the consul saw no ...
Gaius Blossius
(RE 1)of Cumae, descendant of a prominent anti-Roman family of Hannibalic Capua and a student of Stoic philosophy (see Stoicism), was a friend of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (3), after ...
Gaius Laelius
(c.190–after 129bc),closest friend of Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus. He became involved with the embassy of Athenian philosophers (155), esp. the Stoic Diogenēs, and with Panaetius, whose work he was ...
Hostilius Mancinus, Gaius
(RE 18)praetor urbanus c.140 bc. As consul in 137 he was defeated by the Numantines. His quaestor Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (3) secured a peace that saved the army; but ...
lex
It is clear from Priscian, Institutes 2. 49–50=2. 75 Keil, that the concept of leges frumentariae, agrariae, nummariae, and so on (see below) was familiar to the Romans. We discuss ...
Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus, Publius
(RE 72)by birth brother of P. Mucius Scaevola; brother-in-law of Ap. Claudius Pulcher (1) and father-in-law of C. Sempronius Gracchus. Noble, wealthy, and an eminent lawyer and orator (cf. ...
Manilius Manius
(RE 12),unsuccessfully fought against the Lusitani (see Lusitania) as proconsul 155 or 154 bc, but became consul 149, perhaps because of his work as a jurist. With his colleague ...
Marcus Octavius
(RE 31)as tribune 133 bc (see tribuni plebis) vetoed the agrarian bill of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (3) and, refusing (contrary to constitutional tradition) to withdraw his veto (see intercessio) ...
Mucius Scaevola, Publius
(RE 17)brother of P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus whom he succeeded as pontifex maximus. As tribune in 141 bc he instituted a tribunal to try the corrupt ex-praetor L. ...
optimātēs, populārēs
Romans seem from an early time to have used words for ‘good’ (bonus, sup. optimus) to denote high birth and social standing, as well as moral excellence, qualities the upper class regarded as ...
Papirius Carbo, Gaius
(RE 33)supported Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (3), on whose agrarian commission he later served (from 130 bc). As tribune 130 (?), he passed a law extending vote by ballot (see ...
Popillius Laenas, Publius
(RE 28)son of the preceding, as consul 132 bc severely punished supporters of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (3) and was forced into exile by a law of C. Sempronius Gracchus ...
