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census
n. a ten-yearly enumeration of the population based on the actual presence of individuals in a house or institution on a designated night (known as a de facto census). This contrasts with the ...
census follow-up survey
In some countries, additional sample surveys are carried out immediately after a 100 per cent census of the population, and using the census returns as the sampling frame to identify a random sample ...
cluster sampling
The selecting of clusters of units in a population and then performing a census on each cluster. The selection of clusters could be based on some desired feature of the population or could be a ...
control group
In experimental design, a comparison group of research participants or subjects who, when the independent variable is manipulated, are not exposed to the treatment that subjects in the experimental ...
demographic history
Is the quantitative study of changes in the structure of human populations. From the first European settlement until the 1830s, the population was counted from time to time by way ...
error
A mistake of law in a judgment or order of a court or in some procedural step in legal proceedings.
error (sampling and non-sampling)
There are many sources of inaccuracy, or error, in a survey. Sampling error consists of bias in sample selection procedures, plus random sampling error. Non-response bias can be measured and analysed ...
experiment
A scientific study in which the investigator deliberately alters some of the conditions of whatever is being observed in order to study the effects of making the alteration(s).
goodness of fit
1 In statistics, the closeness of agreement between observed and expected frequencies, usually measured by the chi-square test or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.2 In fitting a line or a curve to a set ...
landscape archaeology
[De]A major branch of study within archaeology that draws on archaeological, historical geography, human geography, ecology, anthropology, and place‐name studies. A number of different approaches ...
non-probability sampling
A sampling procedure in which the sample is chosen on the basis of convenience, personal judgment (see judgmental sampling), quota controls (see quota sampling), or some other principle, rather than ...
non-response
A common problem for analysts of survey data. There are two types: complete non-response in which the individual selected for interview is absent, dead, or uncooperative; and item non-response where ...
oversampling
The deliberate selection of individuals of a rare type in order to obtain reasonably precise estimates of the properties of this type. In a population which includes such a rare type, a random sample ...
population
In marketing research, any complete group of entities sharing a common set of characteristics. For example, a population could be all the companies in the car-supplying industries or all the ...
quota sample
A sample including representatives of different sections of the population being sampled in fixed proportions, but not necessarily the same proportions as the overall population. This applies, for ...
Sampling Reference library
David R. Abbott
The Oxford Companion To Archaeology (2 ed.)
Often in archaeological research, statistical sampling must be used due to time and funding constraints. For instance, if all the
sampling error
All samples embody an element of chance. Sampling error is that part of the error in an estimate that is due solely to the operation of chance.
sampling weights
Weights are used in sampling to achieve proportionality. Sampling weights are the inverse of sampling fractions. When different sampling fractions have been applied to particular sub-groups within ...
settlement archaeology
[De]The study of the internal structure, arrangement, distribution, and relationships of ancient settlements in the context of their environmental setting and landscape position.
