Overview
Andrei Sakharov
(1921—1989) Russian nuclear physicist and civil rights campaigner
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Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
A publication of the nonprofit Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science whose mission is to educate the public about issues relating to war and peace. It is best known for its doomsday clock.[...]

Chechnya
The mountainous northern Caucasus zone is the historic homeland for numerous ethnic groups. For centuries potentially dominant neighbors, be they Christian or Muslim, have viewed the northern ...

Demise of Soviet Communism
The contribution of human rights to the demise of Soviet totalitarianism is commonly portrayed as a triumph of Western values and Western power. According to a view shared by many ...

Gulag
A system of labour camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died. Besides ordinary criminals, inmates included dissident intellectuals, political opponents, and ...

Hans Albrecht Bethe
(1906–2005)German-born US physicist, who discovered the source of energy in the sun and the stars. He was awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physics.The son of a university professor, Bethe was ...

International Campaigns for Nuclear Disarmament
The struggle against nuclear weapons began even before they existed.1945–1954During World War II, many scientists working on the Manhattan Project (the U.S. effort to produce an atomic bomb) ...

Jimmy Carter
1924– )US Democratic statesman and thirty-ninth president of the USA (1977–81).Carter was born in Plains, Georgia, the son of a peanut farmer and warehouser. Having graduated from the US Naval ...

Russia
Russia's president is determined to modernize this vast country but is also crushing its democracyRussia, which is officially the Russian Federation, is by far the world's largest country, spanning ...

World War II and Cold War
The blurring of boundaries between scientists, engineers, and the military was crucial to Allied success in World War II and remained a key feature of the Cold War. As a ...
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