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Abbé Marc-Antoine Laugier
(1713–69).French Jesuit, he became one of the earliest and most important theorists of Neo-Classicism. His Essai sur l'Architecture (1753) was profoundly influential, setting out a rational ...
Aby Warburg
(b Hamburg, 13 June 1866; d Hamburg, 26 Oct. 1929).German art historian. He came from a prosperous banking family and his wealth enabled him to pursue his own inclinations ...
academic drama
A dramatic tradition which arose from the Renaissance, in which the works of Plautus, Terence, and other ancient dramatists were performed in schools and colleges, at first in Latin but later also in ...
Adolfo Albertazzi
(1865–1924).Bolognese writer, critic, and literary historian. He is principally known for collections of short stories such as Novelle umoristiche (1900), Il zucchetto rosso (1910), and Amore e amore ...
Adolfo Venturi
(b Modena, 4 Sept. 1856; d Santa Margherita Ligure, nr. Genoa, 10 June 1941).The most distinguished Italian art historian of his generation. He taught at the university of Rome ...
Adriaen Ysenbrandt
(d Bruges, c.1551).Netherlandish painter. He became a master in the Bruges painters' guild in 1510 and is said by an early source to have been a pupil of Gerard David. Otherwise, virtually nothing is ...
aedicular frame
The architectural, sometimes free-standing type of picture frame which evolved in Italy in the 14th century and was used in the Renaissance for altarpieces and devotional images. In structure it drew ...
Ages of Man
(see children, Nature, old age, youth). In his work on old age, Cicero (Tullius) remarks that nature has a single path which is run only once, and to each stage ...
Agostino Chigi
(b Siena, 29 Nov. 1466; d Rome, 11 Apr. 1520).Italian banker and merchant, one of the greatest patrons of the Renaissance. The immensely wealthy Chigi was the leading financier in Europe (his family ...
Agostino di Duccio
(b Florence, c.1418; d ?Perugia, c.1481).Florentine sculptor and architect. He was an artist of distinction and originality—the only 15th-century sculptor born in Florence who owed little to ...
alabaster
A term applied to two types of soft, translucent stone that are similar in appearance but different in composition. The first, known variously as calcite alabaster, Egyptian alabaster, or onyx ...
Albrecht Dürer
(b Nuremberg, 21 May 1471; d Nuremberg, 6 Apr. 1528).German printmaker, painter, draughtsman, and writer, the greatest figure of Renaissance art in northern Europe. He was the son of a goldsmith, ...
Alessandra Macinghi Strozzi
(1408–71).Wife of Matteo Strozzi, a member of the patrician Florentine family. Her extensive correspondence with her exiled sons, written in fresh and vivid Tuscan, is one of the earliest ...
Alessandro Tassoni
(1565–1635)Italian poet, philosopher, historian, politician, and member of several learned Academies. He joined the entourage of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza in Rome (1597) and later became a court ...
Alexis de Châteauneuf
(1799–1853).Hamburg-born architect of noble French parentage, he trained under Weinbrenner, Wimmel, and others. Settling in his native city, he designed buildings in which North-German traditions of ...
Alfonso V of Aragon
(1396–1458)Eldest son of Fernando de Antequera (Fernando I, 1414–16) and Leonor of Albuquerque, Alfonso was a Castilian prince of the Trastámara family who acceded to the Crown of Aragon ...
Alfred B. Mullett
(b Taunton, Somerset, 8 April 1834; d Washington, DC, 20 Oct 1890),architect of English birth. He immigrated to the USA with his family in 1844 and settled in Glendale ...
Alfred Stevens
(b Blandford Forum, Dorset, 31 Dec. 1817; d London, 1 May 1875).English sculptor, painter, and designer, the son of a house painter. With the assistance of the local clergyman ...
Alfred Waterhouse
(1830–1905) English architect.Following articles in Manchester, Waterhouse travelled in France, Germany, and Italy, gaining a wide experience of Gothic architecture that would stand him in good ...
Alfredo Panzini
(1863–1939), Italian writer and literary critic.Panzini's conservative idea of society, as it transpires from La Lanterna di Diogene (The Lantern of Diogenes, 1907) and Il padrone sono me (I ...
