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Copper Scroll
A document found at Qumran. It consists of an inventory of treasure, conjectured to be the treasure seized from the Temple before the Jewish revolt of 67 ce.
Damascus Document
Manuscript of a Jewish sect which left Judah to settle in ‘Damascus’. It reflects opposition to the Hasmonean high priesthood.
Dead Sea Scrolls
A collection of Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, the first of which were found in 1947 by shepherds in a cave near the north-western shore of the Dead Sea. They belonged to the library of the Jewish ...
flesh
Part of humanity and not of God. Although the word, sarx in Greek, is used in the literal sense of the physiology of the human body, or indeed of horses (Isa. 31: 3), meaning that they are mortal, it ...
House Of Judah
There are four certain occurrences of the term house of Judah in the Dead Sea Scrolls: the Damascus Document (CD iv.11); Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab viii.1); Pesher Psalmsa (4Q171 1–10. ii.14) ...
Karaites
(Heb. , ‘to read’). A Jewish sect, dating from the 8th cent. ad, which rejects rabbinical tradition and the Talmud, and bases its teaching solely on the Scriptures. It survives mainly in Russia and ...
Light
Medieval theories concerning light were long influenced by the neoplatonist system of thought. Light (lumen) had its origin in the stars and heavenly bodies, whose rays reached the sublunary world ...
Righteousness
In Hebrew, the quality of being found right or innocent; it is what describes a good king (Isa. 32: 1) or a fair partner or neighbour (Amos 5: 6–7). God is righteous because he observes his covenant, ...
Rule of the Community
A work among several others found in the Dead Sea Scrolls containing regulations for the sectarian Qumran community. The Rule of the Community (Serekh ha- Yaḥad) deals with admission of ...
Sons of Light
Hebrew phrase used in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The ‘sons of light’ are contrasted with the ‘sons of darkness’, and are presumably to be identified with members of the Qumran community.[...]
teacher of Righteousness
The leader of the Qumran community who interpreted scripture and was opposed by a ‘wicked priest’. The identity and history of the teacher can only be surmised: possibly he was once a high priest in ...
Temple Scroll
Scroll of the Jewish Qumran sect. The Temple Scroll was among those found in the Dead Sea collection and dates from the end of the 2nd cent. bce. It includes ...
Thanksgiving Psalms
Designation of one of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It contains a number of poems, all of which begin, ‘I thank thee, O Lord’, or ‘Blessed be thou, O Lord’.
War Scroll
One of the Dead Sea scrolls found near Qumran. The War Scroll is an apocalyptic work describing the conflict at the end of time between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness.[...]
Zadokites
(Heb., ‘Benei Zadok’, ‘Sons of Zadok’).Members of the ascetic community at Qumran. According to the Dead Sea Scrolls, ‘the sons of Zadok are the elect of Israel, called by name, who arise in the ...
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