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behavioralism
The empiricist tenet that science should be based exclusively on externally observable phenomena. Behavioralism has played a central role in the development of sociology, political science, ...
Charles Beard
(1874–1948),historian and educator, after graduating from DePauw University (1898) attended Oxford, where he founded Ruskin College (1899) to train labor leaders, and became professor of political ...
comparative government
The systematic study of the government of more than one country. One of the main subdivisions of the study of politics. Until recently, however, it was usually very unsystematic. Much of what passed ...
Election studies
Accounts of elections, published in journals, go back a long way. Academic monographs—once single‐authored, now almost always edited works—covering state as well as federal elections, date from the ...
elites
Sometimes spelled with an accent, the word has now been anglicized in its sociological usage. The term is often loosely used to refer to any superior or privileged group, but it more properly refers ...
embourgeoisement
Embourgeoisement is the process by which bourgeois aspirations, and a bourgeois standard and style of life, become institutionalized among the working class. The phenomenon is said to undermine ...
epistemic Communities
Compare imagined community; interpretive community; virtual community.1. A group of people with shared knowledge, expertise, beliefs, or ways of looking at the world: for example, ‘the scientific ...
Ernest Gellner
(1925–95)Although Gellner was born in Czechoslovakia, his family (who had Jewish origins) left immediately after the German occupation in 1939, and he spent most of his working life in England. ...
Ernst B Haas
Ernst B. Haas (1924–2003) was an international relations scholar best known for his contributions to the study of regional, and specifically European, integration.Interest and Epistemological and ...
factor analysis
A multivariate statistical technique, used to simplify analysis; see R. Rummel (1970). For an example of its use in geography, see Brown and Raymond (2007) Appl. Geog. 27, 2.
governmentality
Introduced in the later work of Michel Foucault as a more refined way of understanding his earlier idea of power/knowledge. Government refers to a complex set of processes through which human ...
Henry Mayer
Henry Mayer (1919–91) arrived in Australia in 1940 on the Dunera‐an identity he never sought to exploit‐and became a leading figure in the study of Australian politics and media and ...
Immanuel Wallerstein
(1930 –)Historical sociologist known primarily for his pioneering work on world-systems theory—the historical study of the emergence of global relations of economic and political power. World-systems ...
international organizations
International organizations (‘IGOs’) have been a major feature of the international legal environment since the nineteenth century. IGOs are created by states for carrying out specified tasks for ...
international Relations
The discipline that studies interactions between and among states, and more broadly, the workings of the international system as a whole. It can be conceived of either as a multidisciplinary field, ...
justice, social
Arguments about justice feature not only in sociology, but also in philosophy, political science, social policy, psychology, and of course law itself. Justice is a central moral standard in social ...
Kenneth Joseph Arrow
(1921– ).Leading theorist of social choice, winner of a Nobel Prize in 1972. In Social Choice and Individual Values (1951), Arrow studied the determination of rational choice at the collective ...
Likert scale
(lik-ert)a tool used in questionnaires in which participants are asked to respond to statements on a scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. [R. Likert (1903–81), US psychologist]
neoclassical economics
A branch of economics that studies the allocation of scarce resources between competing uses and users, based on principles of market equilibrium and profit maximization.
A New Paradigm of Nonkilling
The modern use of the term “nonkilling” was introduced by Glenn D. Paige in Nonkilling Global Political Science (2002, 2009), even though it had also been used traditionally as part ...
