agrarian laws and policy
Allocation of land by the community is attested in the Greek world at the times of new city foundations (see colonization, greek), and when land was annexed (cleruchies). There is also some evidence ...
Aurelius Cleander, Marcus
A freedman of Phrygian origin, chamberlain (a cubiculo) of Commodus in succession to Saoterus, exercised effective power over the emperor from ad 185, when the praetorian prefect Perennis was ...
candidātus
A candidate for a Roman magistracy. Officially named petitor (his rivals were therefore styled competitōrēs), he was called candidatus because he wore a whitened toga when greeting electors in the ...
Ceres
In Roman mythology, the corn goddess, the equivalent of the Greek Demeter.In astronomy, Ceres is the name of the first asteroid to be discovered, found by G. Piazzi of Palermo on 1 January 1801.
Cincinnatus
(c. 519–438 bc)Roman republican hero famous for his devotion to the republic in times of crisis. Appointed dictator in 458 when a Roman army was trapped in battle by the Aequi tribe, he won a ...
Clodius Pulcher, Publius
Youngest of six children of Claudius Pulcher, b. c.92 bc. In 68 he incited the troops of his brother‐in‐law Licinius Lucullus to mutiny in Armenia. On his return to Rome he had been apparently ...
comitia
In Rome the Comitium was the place of assembly. Comitia is a pl. word meaning an assembly of the Roman people summoned in groups by a magistrate possessing the formal right to convene them. He had to ...
consul
In ancient Rome, one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the republic; any of the three chief magistrates of the first French republic (1799–1804). The word derives ...
Coriolanus
(Gaius in Dionysius Halicarnassius and Plutarch), a Roman aristocrat who supposedly received his surname from his part in the Roman capture of Corioli from the Volsci (493 bc). According to ...
cūria
Was the most ancient division of the Roman people. The curiae were 30 in number. Some bore local names, others personal ones. Membership of the curiae was determined by birth, but as they also seem ...
dedicatio
Transfer of a thing from the human into the divine sphere was accomplished through the act of dedicatio and consecrātiō, the former indicating surrender of an object into divine ownership, the latter ...
Gaius Marius
(c. 157–86 bc)Roman general and politician. Consul for the first time in 107, he established his dominance by victories over Jugurtha and invading Germanic tribes. He was subsequently involved in a ...
Gracchi
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (c. 163–133 bc) and his brother Gaius Sempronius (c. 153–121 bc), Roman tribunes. They were responsible for radical social and economic legislation, especially concerning ...
Jupiter
[Di]Roman god of light—the sun and the moon—and of celestial phenomena such as the wind, rain, thunder, tempest, and lightning. From his Etruscan origins he was equipped with three thunderbolts that ...
lex
(pl. lēgēs), primarily, a statute, passed by one of the assemblies of the Roman people; the lex Hortensia of 287 bc conferred the force of statute on measures passed by a meeting of the plebs, and ...
Liber Pater
Italian god of fertility and esp. of wine, later commonly identified with Dionysus. He formed part of the Aventine triad, Ceres, Liber, and Libera, whose joint temple was founded in 493 bc, and ...
Licinius Stolo, Gaius
(RE 161) and, (RE 36)were reputedly plebeian tribunes (see tribuni plebis) from 376 to 367 bc and proposed: (1) the reservation of one consulship each year to ...
Lucius Genucius
(RE 5)tribune of the plebs (see tribuni plebis) in 342 bc and, according to some writers consulted by Livy (7. 42. 1), author of a number of reforming plebiscites ...
magistrates
Officials in the Roman Empire, holding various titles, had duties on the bench—Asiarchs in Ephesus looked after patriotic events, and were friendly towards Paul (Acts 19: 31), politarchs in ...
Marcius Coriolanus, Gnaeus
A Roman aristocrat who supposedly received his cognōmen from his part in the Roman capture of Corioli from the Volsci (493 bc). Acc. to the story, he went into exile when charged with tyrannical ...
