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Addison Mizner
(1872–1933).American architect. After a chequered career in San Francisco he became a gold prospector in northern California and the Klondike, then a dealer in antiques, settling in NYC (1904). He ...
Alexander Jackson Davis
(1803–92).American architect, one of the most imaginative of his generation. His first important design was Highwood, a house at New Haven, CT. (1829–31), which brought him recognition, and, as a ...
Alexander Thomson
(1817–75) Scottish architect.The brightest of Scotland’s Victorian constellation of classical designers, Thomson was Scotland’s equivalent to the impassioned and individualistic English Gothic ...
Amsterdam School
Group of Netherlands architects influenced by Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright, including van der Mey, Kramer, and de Klerk, who built sculptured and Picturesque brick structures much influenced by ...
Analytical Review
(1788–99),an important literary and radical periodical, published by J. Johnson, which was an early influence in encouraging the growth of Romanticism. It included Gilpin's theories on the ...
Ann Radcliffe
(1764–1823)*Gothic novelist. She was daughter of a London tradesman, William Ward; she married in 1786 William Radcliffe, manager of the English Chronicle. In the next twelve years she published ...
Anthony Salvin
(1799–1881).English architect. He was a pupil of John Paterson (fl. 1777–1832), of Edinburgh, with whom he worked on the restoration of Brancepeth Castle, Durham (1817–21). In the 1820s he designed ...
Antonio Niccolini
(1772–1850) Italian architect.His enlargement of the Villa Floridiana, near Naples (1817–19), is a rather derivative combination of the villas of Palladio and the English picturesque landscape, but ...
Augustus Charles Pugin
(1769–1832).French-born, he came to Wales during the French Revolution. He became an assistant to Nash, and made his reputation as a draughtsman, drawing and etching plates for Rudolph Ackermann ...
Augustus Welby Pugin
(1812–52).Architect and pioneer of the Victorian Gothic Revival. Before Pugin, ‘Gothick’ architecture had been largely a romantic plaything of rich dilettantes. He saw something deeper in it. ...
Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
(b Middelburg, 11 Oct. 1803; d Cleve, 5 Apr. 1862).The best-known member of a family of Dutch painters. He spent much of his career in Germany, where he found inspiration for his Romantic views of ...
Beautiful
One of three C18 aesthetic categories, with the Picturesque and the Sublime. Edmund Burke, in his A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1756), perhaps the ...
beauty
The central place of beauty in Plato's thought is witnessed in the Dialogues Phaedrus and Symposium. The perception of beauty induces anamnesis, a recollection of previous acquaintance with the ...
bower
1 Room in medieval houses for the exclusive use of women, therefore the precursor of the boudoir.2 Small dwelling in the country, or a cottage, therefore a cottage orné or deliberately rustic ...
cabin
1 Small, single-roomed primitive dwelling.2 Contrived rustic retreat in a Picturesque landscape, often ornamental, but much simpler than a cottage orné.
Calvert Vaux
(b London, 20 Dec 1824; d Bensonhurst, NY, 19 Nov 1895),architect and landscape designer of English birth. Vaux was apprenticed (?1840–45) to the architect Lewis Nockalls Cottingham in London. ...
Castle style
Type of C18 architecture employing battlements, loop-holes (often false), and turrets to create the impression of a fortified dwelling, even though the plan might be regular and Classical as in some ...
Claude glass
A small tinted mirror, with a slightly convex surface, used for reflecting landscapes in miniature so as to show their broad tonal values, without distracting detail or colour. The device is named ...
Claude Lorrain
(1600–82)Landscape painter from Lorraine, who worked mainly in Rome. He was the first artist to be inspired by the Roman Campagna and its legends. Many 18th‐century English travellers on ...