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abstract and experimental photography
A very diverse category of images made using an assortment of techniques, and with equally varied intentions, but which have in common the avoidance of symbolic representation. Abstract photography ...
Alexander Rodchenko
(1891–1956)A leading avant‐garde designer of the Russian Revolutionary period, Rodchenko was widely known for his Constructivist work across a variety of creative fields including posters, packaging, ...
Anton Giulio Bragaglia
(1890–1960) and(1893–1962), Italian Futurists and pioneers of ‘photodynamism’.As young men the two brothers shared an interest in photography and film, frequenting the Cines film studios where their ...
Arbeiter illustrierte Zeitung
(AIZ); 1925–33), German illustratedweekly (from 1926) founded by the communist propagandist Willi Münzenberg (1889–1940) and affiliated to the German Communist Party. With a circulation of c. 250,000 ...
assemblage
Art produced by the assembling of disparate elements, often scavenged or bought by the artist. The practice dates back to Picasso's Cubist constructions made from 1912 onwards. It was later adopted ...
Barbara Kruger
(1945– )American artist and designer. She had a successful career as a magazine and book designer in New York, working for magazines such as Mademoiselle and House and Garden, before turning to art ...
Berlin Olympic Games
1936.The summer Olympics that opened in Berlin on 1 August 1936 were Nazi Germany's greatest propaganda set piece and a major photographic event. An accompanying exhibition, Deutschland, featured ...
Camerawork
(No. 1, 1975–No. 32, 1985), British magazine published by Camerawork gallery and darkrooms, Bethnal Green, London (previously the Half Moon Photography Workshop). Camerawork provided a forum for ...
cinema and photography
The two are linked in many respects. First, they share technological principles: film is materially composed of strips of chemically produced photographic images which, projected at speed, create the ...
Claude Cahun
(1894–1954)French photographer and writer, born in Nantes as Lucy Schwob. She adopted her androgynous name partly from her grandmother Mathilde Cahun, with whom she lived for much of her childhood, ...
collage
(Fr., coller: ‘to gum’).A term applied to a type of picture (and also to the technique used in creating such pictures) in which photographs, news cuttings, and other suitable objects are pasted on to ...
composite photographs
Multiple exposureThe straightforward ‘double’ or ‘trick’ exposure has long been a stock in trade of photographers, whether they want to create the illusion of a ghost; of a man ...
dada
An early 20th-century international movement in art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic and social conventions and emphasizing the illogical and absurd. Dada was launched ...
fashion photography
Fashion photography is an insidious profession. In art, it is what sex‐appeal is to love. Artifice can be a dangerous thing; when misapplied, the results are vulgar and tawdry. Its ...
fraud and forgery, photographic
Photographic fraud denotes the criminal use or production of ‘counterfeit’ photographs for unjust gain or advantage; photographic forgery the creation of photographs that are intended to convey a ...
Frederick Sommer
(1905–99).Photographer and painter. His understated but disquieting photographs often treat decay, disintegration, and desolation. Among his most original works, horizonless desert landscapes are ...
Gilbert
(Gilbert Proesch, b San Martino, Dolomites, 17 Sept. 1943; and George Passmore, b Plymouth, 8 Jan. 1942).British artists who met while studying at St Martin's School of Art in London in 1967 and ...
Gustav Klucis
(1895–1944),multifaceted Russian visual artist. Born in Rujiena, Latvia, he studied in Riga, Petrograd, and Moscow. Productive as a painter, graphic artist, sculptor, and photographer, he was ...
Hannah Höch
(1889–1978), German painter and photocollagist,who studied graphic design in Berlin before joining the Dada movement in 1918. Until 1922 she lived with Raoul Hausmann, and they influenced each other ...
