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acid
1 Any substance that when dissolved in water releases positively charged hydrogen ions and produces a corrosive solution having a pH of less than 7. Compare alkali.2 A common street name for LSD. ...
acid mine drainage
The drainage of water from areas that have been mined for coal or other mineral ores (including gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, and lead). The water has high acidity (low pH, sometimes less than ...
acid precipitation
(mist, fog, rain) Syn: acid deposition. Atmospheric acid aerosols are removed by wet deposition (rain, snow, mist, fog) or dry deposition of particles on vegetation. This is harmful to aquatic and ...
acid rain
Precipitation with a pH of less than about 5.0, which is the value produced when naturally occurring carbon dioxide, sulphate, and nitrogen oxides dissolve into cloud droplets. The effects of ...
acid soil
Soil with a pH under 7, such as podzols and brown earths. Acidity in a soil may be due to the leaching out of cations when precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Other factors include the nature ...
acidic
1 Describing a compound that is an acid.2 Describing a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions.3 Describing a compound that forms an acid when dissolved in water. Carbon dioxide, for example, is ...
acidification
The process by which acids are added to a water body or soil, causing a decrease in buffering capacity and leading to a significant decrease in pH that may lead to the water body or soil becoming ...
acidity
A measure of how acid a material, liquid, or solid is as expressed using the pH scale. A pH of less than 7.0 is described as acidic (the lower the pH value the greater the acidity); a pH of more than ...
acidosis
A condition in which blood or tissues are more acidic than normal (blood pH <7.35). Respiratory acidosis is a consequence of the failure of the lungs to remove carbon dioxide; metabolic acidosis ...
ADP
(adenosine diphosphate) a compound containing adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups. ADP occurs in cells and is involved in processes requiring the transfer of energy (see atp).
alkali
Any substance that when dissolved in water accepts positively charged hydrogen ions and produces a corrosive solution having a pH value more than 7. See also base (1). Compare acid. alkaline adj. ...
alkali-aggregate reaction
A chemical reaction that can lead to damage in concrete structures. Free lime (CaO) in cement reacts with CO2 in the atmosphere to precipitate CaCO3 around the cement grains. This protects them from ...
alkaline
Having the qualities of an alkali, or a solution with an excess of hydroxide ions (with a pH greater than 7.0).
alkaline phosphatase
An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphoric acid esters under conditions of alkaline pH. In humans the blood levels of alkaline phosphatase are measured as part of the assessment of liver ...
alkaline soil
Any soil, such as a rendzina, which has a pH above 7. Alkalinity usually reflects a high concentration of carbonates, notably of sodium and calcium.
alkaline tide
The slight increase in plasma and urine pH that occurs after meals. It is believed to be due to withdrawal of hydrogen ions from the blood during the formation of gastric HCl.[...]
alkalinity
The buffering capacity of water. This means its capacity to neutralize an acid solution by its content of bicarbonates, carbonates, or hydroxides, adding carbon to the water and preventing the pH of ...
alkaliphile
An extremophile (domain Archaea) that thrives in environments where the pH is above 9.0.
alkalosis
A condition in which the pH of blood is more alkaline than normal (pH >7.45). Can arise because of excessive loss of CO2 (hyperventilation) or loss of stomach acid by vomiting. Compare acidosis.
