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Abdul Hamid II
(d. 1918)Thirty-fourth Ottoman sultan (r. 1876–1909). His reign faced overwhelming difficulties: an insolvent treasury, violent nationalist movements in the Balkans, antireform movements among some ...
Arab Nationalism
Defined by an anticolonial ethos and the glorification of origins and history in the face of Western dominance experienced by Arab countries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Aims at ...
caliph
The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held ...
Ideology and Islam
Most Muslims claim that “Islam is one” and offers a blueprint for all aspects of life. Islam increasingly occupies a special place in school curricula, and states seek to control what is said in ...
international Relations
The discipline that studies interactions between and among states, and more broadly, the workings of the international system as a whole. It can be conceived of either as a multidisciplinary field, ...
Jamal al-Din al- Afghani
(d. 1897)Thinker and political activist. Born and raised in Iran, although claimed to be of Afghan origin. Educated in Iran and Iraq. Traveled to India, where he came into contact with British ...
Muslim Brotherhood
An Islamic fundamentalist movement created by the pious Egyptian Muslim schoolteacher Hasan al-Banna (b. 1906, d. 1949) in 1928. Aiming to rejuvenate Islam, it sought to impose Islamic law (Shariah) ...
Organization of the Islamic Conference
Founded in 1971 in the aftermath of a 1969 fire at the al-Aqsa mosque. Primary goals are the promotion of Islamic solidarity among member states; consolidation of cooperation in economic, social, ...
Pan-Islam Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
Since about 1878, the European appellation for the ideology calling all Muslims to unite in support of their faith
Pan-Islam Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Movements to unify the Muslim world, particularly in reaction against Western threats of encroachment. Theoretically, Pan-Islam is a natural expression
Pan-Islamism Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
Ideology calling for sociopolitical solidarity among all Muslims. Has existed as a religious concept since the early days of Islam.
umma
The whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. The word is Arabic and means literally, ‘people, community’.
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