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assumption
A fundamental belief or tenet that is taken for granted and requires no proof or reconfirmation when it forms a basic premise in logical reasoning. See also Occam's razor.
identity theory
An approach to the mind-body problem, a form of materialism holding that mental states have no separate existence but are identical to physical brain states. See also double-aspect theory, monism.
law of parsimony
Another name for Ockham's razor, or more generally for any methodological principle that counsels us to expect nature to use the simplest possible means to any given end.
Lloyd Morgan's canon
A frequently paraphrased doctrine propounded in 1894 by the British zoologist and geologist C(onwy) Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936) in his Introduction to Comparative Psychology: ‘In no case may we ...
nominalism
(as opposed to Realism), the view of those Scholastics and later philosophers who regarded universals or abstract conceptions as a ‘flatus vocis’, mere names without any corresponding reality.
parsimony
In cladistic analysis, the convention whereby the simplest explanation is preferred, because it requires the fewest conjectures, although the most parsimonious explanation is not always the correct ...
particularization
In logic, the method of reasoning in which a general rule is applied to a specific set of facts and circumstances, minimizing assumptions and axioms (the principle of scientific parsimony, or Occam's ...
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