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ability grouping
Grouping pupils together in classes to be taught according to their ability. In the United Kingdom this is not usually the case, as pupils are normally grouped according to age, and within a national ...

Access to Employment
(A2e)A pathfinder project which aimed to enable adults, including people with disabilities or learning difficulties, to gain the skills needed to enter employment. The project concentrated on ...

application of number
One of the original six key skills which General National Vocational Qualification students were required to demonstrate, and one of the three which were formally assessed, the other two being ...

Black Papers
The name commonly used to refer to a series of publications on education which began to appear in 1969 and continued through the early 1970s, whose authors and contributors were politicians, ...

Cognitive Abilities Test
(CAT)A test used by some schools to assess the reasoning skills of Key Stage 3 pupils. The test consists of three parts: verbal, quantitative, and non‐verbal reasoning. The verbal reasoning element ...

Early Years Foundation Stage
(EYFS)A framework setting out the national standards for the learning, care, and development of children from birth to the age of 5 which was launched in 2007 and became a requirement for all schools ...

employability
Is the possession of marketable skills and attributes by an employee that are in demand from employers. The seeming decline of the job for life has led to increased interest in the concept of ...

employer training pilot
(ETP)These pilots sought to assess the effectiveness of the training of low‐skilled employees by evaluating its impact on the operation of the employing organization. It offered free or low‐cost ...

functional skills
Qualifications in English, mathematics, and information communications technology (ICT) in the UK, which are available from entry level to level 2 on the National Qualifications Framework. The ...

general education
An education designed to support the development of the learner as an individual, rather than to equip him or her with specific, vocationally related skills. In this sense, a general education may be ...

Individual Learning Account
(ILA)Under the terms of the Education and Training (Scotland) Bill, ILAs were presented as a strategy to promote lifelong learning. Introduced in October 2000, they were designed to encourage people ...

Leitch Report (2006)
Lord Sandy Leitch was tasked by the UK government in 2004 to review the UK's long‐term skills needs. The final Leitch Report, Prosperity for All in the Global Economy: World Class Skills, was ...

minimum core
A set of skills and underlying theory, initially in literacy, language, and numeracy, and later with the addition of information communication technology, introduced by the Further Education National ...

Moser Report (1999)
A document which sets out the findings of the review of adult basic education undertaken by Sir Claus Moser and his consultative group in order to inform a new framework for lifelong learning. The ...

National Learning Targets
Introduced in March 1999 as part of a government initiative to raise standards of achievement in secondary schools, improve pupil attainment in numeracy and literacy in primary schools, and encourage ...

National Numeracy Strategy
(NNS)Launched in 1998 and implemented in schools since 1999, this strategy is designed to facilitate a sound grounding in mathematics for all primary school pupils. The Primary Framework for numeracy ...

National Targets for Education and Training
(NTET)Originally promoted by the Confederation of British Industry in 1991, the targets were endorsed by the government following the 1995 White Paper Competitiveness: Forging Ahead. The targets set ...

numeracy Quick reference
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
The 16th and 17th centuries saw a transformation in arithmetical calculation as Roman numerals were replaced by Arabic ones. The evidence for popular numeracy cannot easily be measured in ...
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oracy
The skill of communicating clearly by speech, and of comprehending the spoken communications of others. It is used to emphasize the importance of spoken language skills, particularly, but not ...

pre-vocational education
A course designed to prepare pupils and students aged 14–19 for eventual entry to a programme of specific vocational training which will lead to a skills qualification. Such pre‐vocational ...