Alasdair C. MacIntyre
(1929– )Foremost Aristotelian moral and political philosopher. An engaged and foreful critic of liberalism, MacIntyre has moved the basis of his assault from Marxism to Thomism. His pessimistic ...
Al-Farabi
(c.870–950)The ‘second teacher’ after Aristotle of Islamic philosophy. Al-Farabi was one of the first philosophers to transmit Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world. He wrote extensively on logic, ...
Alfred Döblin
(1878–1957), German writer.From the very outset of his career he incorporated a variety of fairy-tale motifs in his work, even in his celebrated novel Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929). He wrote ...
Alfred Mombert
(Karlsruhe, 1872–1942, Winterthur, Switzerland),was a lawyer who turned to writing. He was influenced by Nietzsche and devoted his efforts to writing rhythmic works of mythological character. He was ...
Also sprach Zarathustra
Tone‐poem by Richard Strauss, Op.30, comp. 1895–6 and f.p. Frankfurt 1896. Freely based on Nietzsche's epic prose poem of same name. Delius set 11 sections of poem in his Mass of Life.
altruism
Behavior of an individual that benefits others. To the extent that the “others” are related to the altruist (the one exhibiting altruistic behavior), such actions may actually be an expression of ...
Apollonian
Rational and controlled; in the philosophy of the German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844–1900), of or relating to static qualities of form, reason, harmony, and sobriety. Compare ...
appearance
1. The way something seems on the surface, as opposed to some underlying reality.2. In nonverbal communication, the way someone looks to an observer (e.g. body type, style of dress)—a key feature of ...
Arthur Schopenhauer
(1788–1860),was the author of a pessimistic philosophy embodied in his Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (The World as Will and Idea, 1819), which considerably influenced Wagner and the later ...
Basel
A city, bishopric, and canton on the Rhine which in 1501 became the eleventh canton in the Swiss Confederation. The Council of Basel met in the choir of the cathedral ...
Christian Dietrich Grabbe
(1801–36)German dramatist. The author of historical dramas on a grand scale, Grabbe remained largely unperformed in his short lifetime. Works such as the two-play cycle The Hohenstaufens (1827), ...
Christian Morgenstern
(1871–1914), German poet, journalist, translator, publisher. Born into a family of painters, he studied law, economy, philosophy, and art history in Breslau and Berlin. He published from 1892 on (his ...
conscience
The word now denotes the capacity for judging the rightness of actions, whether in general or in particular. Christians are agreed that it is unique to human beings and that its effectiveness is ...
critical legal studies
A left-leaning movement, critical of legal liberalism, which was especially strong in the USA in the 1980s. It draws variously on Marxism, feminism, postmodernism and even American Legal Realism to ...
D. H. Lawrence
(1885–1930)British novelist and poet.Lawrence was born in the coalmining village of Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, the fourth child of a miner and a schoolteacher. The conflict between his coarse violent ...
David Friedrich Strauss
(1808–74),German biblical critic, whose Das Leben Jesu (The Life of Jesus, 1835–6) had an immense influence on 19th‐cent. religious thought. It was translated by G. Eliot (1846) and her study of it ...
death of God
The assertion that God is dead, but that we have to vanquish his shadow, first occurs in Nietzsche's The Gay Science, iii. 108. At 125 Nietzsche tells of the madman who hails it as the greatest ...
Der Wille zur Macht
Title given to a philosophical work, attributed to F. Nietzsche by its editors, E. Förster-Nietzsche and P. Gast (1854–1918), and published in 1906. It is sub-titled Versuch einer Umwertung aller ...
Deutsche Rundschau
A monthly periodical founded in 1874 by Julius Rodenberg. It was suppressed in 1942, and revived in 1949 by R. Pechel (1882–1961), who had succeeded Rodenberg on his death in ...
Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik
Original title of a treatise on tragedy by Nietzsche, published in 1872, and retitled Die Geburt der Tragödie: oder Griechentum und Pessimismus in 1886. It is Nietzsche's first major work ...
