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Arthur James Balfour
(b. Whittingehame, East Lothian, 25 July 1848; d. Woking, 19 Mar. 1930)British; leader of the House of Commons and First Lord of the Treasury 1891–2, 1895–1902, Prime Minister 1902–5, Foreign ...

Charles Kingsley
(1819–75).Vicar of Eversley (Hants), social reformer, novelist, and ‘muscular Christian’. Influenced by F. D. Maurice and Thomas Carlyle, Kingsley became a leading spirit in the Christian socialist ...

criticism of music
Broadly speaking, criticism of music is the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres. Because ...

Edwin Abbott
(1839–1926)Born in London; clergyman and author best known for Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions (1884). A mathematical fantasy satirizing the Victorian class system, Flatland describes a ...

Histories of British Philosophy
The writing of histories of philosophy has taken many forms over the centuries. The ancients Theophrastus and Diogenes Laertius in their respective histories set the stage for the doxological ...

Leslie Stephen
(1832–1904)English man of letters and first editor of the Dictionary of National Biography. Stephen's main philosophical work was his Science of Ethics (1882), an evolutionary ethics, but he also ...

Mark Pattison
(1813–84), Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, from 1861. In 1832 he entered Oriel College; here he came under the influence of J. H. Newman. Later his enthusiasm for the Oxford Movement declined, and ...

Richard Simpson
(1820–76)Richard Simpson was born in Mitcham, Surrey on 16 September 1820 and died in Italy on 5 April 1876. Educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Oriel College, Oxford, he ...

William Edward Hartpole Lecky
(1838–1903),published anonymously The Religious Tendencies of the Age (1860) and Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland (1861). He won fame with his History of the Rise and Influence of Rationalism in ...

William George Ward
(1812–82), theologian and philosopher. A fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, he pushed Tractarian principles to extremes, and in 1845 he was deprived of his degrees for heresy. He became a RC, ...
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