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Akhund
A word of disputed etymology, generally accepted to mean “religious leader.” In Pahlavi Iran (1925–79), the word came to have a pejorative connotation; in the government-sanctioned press there, the ...
Mawlā
Protector, master. Also mawlau. From Arabic waliya, “to be close to,” “to have power over.” Has entered a number of languages as a loan word (e.g., Persian mullah). Can have reciprocal meanings ...
Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad al-Tāqī al-Majlisī
(1628–99 (ah 1038–1111).Leading Shiʿite theologian (ʿalim, see ʿulamā), whose opinions became a formative influence on the development of Twelver Shiʿite (Ithna ʿAshariyya) practice and organization. ...
Vahid Bihbahānī
1706–92 (ah 1118–1207).Shiʿite scholar and definer of the Uṣūlī system of jurisprudence. In contrast to the traditionalist Akhbārīs (who required precedent for all decisions), he recognized the ...
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