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anti-psychiatry
A radical critique of traditional (especially medical) approaches to mental disorders, influenced by existentialism and sociology, popularized by the Scottish psychiatrist Ronald D(avid) Laing ...

biological reductionism
A theoretical approach that aims to explain all social or cultural phenomena in biological terms, denying them any causal autonomy. Twentieth-century incarnations of biological reductionism have ...

Black Report
An influential Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health (under the chairmanship of Sir Douglas Black) submitted to the British Government in 1980. The Report synthesized much evidence, ...

depression
1. A mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity.2. A pitted area on an anatomical structure such as a tooth. Mandibular depression is the ...

Dorothea Lynde Dix
(1802–87)US humanitarian and medical reformer. She campaigned for prison reform and also for improvement in the treatment of the mentally ill. During the American Civil War Dix served as ...

Emil Kraepelin
(1856–1926).German psychiatrist, educated at Würzburg, who became professor of psychiatry at Dorpat (1886), Heidelberg (1890), and Munich (1903). He was probably the only psychiatrist of his day to ...

homelessness
A perennial problem in an unequal society in which people unable to pay for accommodation, or who lack the mental, emotional, or financial resources to maintain a dwelling to provide them with ...

ideas
These are entities that exist only as contents of some mind. Ideas in this sense should be distinguished from Plato's Ideas or Forms, which are non-physical but exist apart from ...

late-onset schizophrenia
A mental disorder characterized by systematic delusions and commonly auditory hallucinations, but without any other marked symptoms of mental illness; it was formerly known as paraphrenia. The only ...

Menninger, Karl (1893–1990), and William (1899–1966)
Psychiatrists, founders of the Menninger Foundation.Karl Menninger, together with his father, Charles Frederick Menninger, founded the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas, in 1919. The clinic began as ...

Mental Health Act
An Act of Parliament to govern the treatment of people with a mental disorder, which is defined as including mental illness, personality disorder, and learning disability. For England and Wales the ...

mental health services
The multidisciplinary, multisectoral array of personnel and facilities to promote, protect, and restore good mental health. They include institutional and community-based public and private services ...

Mental Illness Reference library
Encyclopedia of Social Work (20 ed.)
[This entry contains three subentries: Adults; Children; Service System.]

mental illness Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine (3 ed.)
A disorder of one or more functions of the mind resulting in the patient or others suffering. It does not include those conditions where the only problem is that the individual does not ...
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mental illness Reference library
Harvey Wickham, Peter McGuffin, and Robin M. Murray
The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)
Most people think of mental illnesses as strange and frightening conditions, which can affect other people but not themselves or their families. But in the average family doctor's surgery ...
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Mental Illness. Reference library
Ellen Dwyer
The Oxford Companion to United States History
During the early Colonial Era, Americans attributed mental illness to both natural and supernatural forces. Folk belief also linked it to the lunar cycles; hence, the term “lunacy.” While ...
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MIND
The National Association for Mental Health. It is a voluntary association, registered as a charity that promotes the welfare of those with mental illness through advice, education, campaigning, and ...

monodelusional disorder
A condition marked by a persistent delusion not associated with any other mental illness. It is often of a paranoid or persecutory nature, but in theory can have any delusional content. Treatment is ...

nervous breakdown
A nonmedical term applied to a range of emotional crises varying from a brief attack of ‘hysterical’ behaviour to a major mental illness. The term is also sometimes used as a euphemism for a frank ...

neurosis
An emotional maladjustment with the predominant symptom of anxiety together with possible impairment of thinking or judgement. It may be characterized by phobias, obsessions, compulsions, or sexual ...