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Amatus
Bishop, possibly of Paestum-Capaccio or Nusco (E.Cuozzo, Benedictina 26 [1979] 323–48), and monk of Montecassino; born Salerno ca.1010, died ca.1083? Amatus wrote several Latin poetical works and a ...
Argyros
Son of Melo of Bari; magistros, vestes, and doux of Italy, Calabria, Sicily, and Paphlagonia (1051–58); born ca.1000, died after 1058, possibly Bari 1068. During Melo's first revolt, Argyros and ...
Benevento
Benevento was conquered in c.570 by a Lombard troop who made it the capital of a duchy, which in the 7th c. extended over the greater part of continental southern ...
Catania
(Κατάνη), city on the east coast of Sicily; together with the rest of the island, Catania belonged to the Ostrogothic state from 491. While Catania was under the Ostrogoths, royal ...
Christopher of Mytilene
Poet, highranking imperial official; born Constantinople ca.1000, died after 1050 or perhaps after 1068. Christopher had the titles of patrikios and anthypatos, and served as imperial secretary ...
Constantine IX Monomachos
(Μονομάχος), emperor (1042–1055); born ca.1000, died Constantinople 7/8 Jan. (Kleinchroniken 1:159, 167) or 11 Jan. (Grumel, Chronologie 358; Ostrogorsky, History 337) 1055.From a distinguished ...
Gaufredus Malaterra
Benedictine monk who accompanied other Normans to southern Italy and who evidently belonged to the entourage of Count Roger I of Sicily; died before 1101.At Count Roger I's request ...
Harald Hardrada
(d. 1066)Half brother of St Óláfr; sole king of Norway, 1047–66. Having escaped from the battle of Stiklastaðir, he grew up in Russia and entered military service in Constantinople. ...
Hervé Frankopoulos
(῾Ερβέβιος ὁ Φραγγόπωλος), mid-11th-C. commander of Norman mercenaries in Byz. service.He may have been the founder of the Byz. family of Phrangopoulos. Hervé fought in Sicily under George Maniakes ...
Jaroslav
(῾Ιεροσθλάβος), prince of Kiev; son of Vladimir I of Kiev; baptismal name George; born 978, died Kiev 20 Feb. 1054.Victorious in his war for the succession, Jaroslav became the ...
Katakalon Kekaumenos
(d. after c. 1060), senior Byzantine military commander from Armenian army family; died a monk. By 1040 Katakalon was defending the key fortress of Messina against Muslim attack: his stratagem ...
Leo Paraspondylos
High-ranking official; died after 1057.The name Paraspondylos (Παρασπόνδυλος, or, in Skyl. 479.16, Strabospondylos, “a crook”) is probably a sobriquet. Seemingly, Leo sprang from the family of the ...
Maniakes, George (1043) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
an ambitious Byzantine military commander, possibly of Turkic stock. Maniakes’s military and organizational talents earned him key border commands in
Maniakes, George Reference library
Charles M. Brand and Anthony Cutler
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
general and usurper; died Ostrovo near Thessalonike between Apr. and early June 1043 (Shepard, “Russians Attack” 174, n.4).
Of low birth, Maniakes (Μανιάκης) impressed even his ...
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Martyropolis
(Μαρτυρόπολις, Ar. Mayyāfāriqīn, mod. Silvan in Turkey), city northeast of Amida. Its identification with Tigranocerta, ancient capital of Armenia, is disputed. According to a late legend (J.M. Fiey, ...
Messina
(Μεσήνη), from antiquity a port city at the northeastern tip of Sicily controlling the Straits of Messina, the principal crossing from the island to southern Italy. During the Gothic war ...
Michael IV Paphlagon
Emperor (1034–41); died Constantinople 10 Dec. 1041.Member of a family of money-changers of Paphlagonian origin, he was introduced to the Empress Zoe by his brother, John the Orphanotrophos. Michael ...
Michael V Kalaphates
(Καλαφάτης, i.e., “the Caulker”), emperor (1041–42). Son of Stephen, a caulker (whence Michael's nickname), and the sister of Michael IV, he was adopted by Zoe and named caesar and heir ...
Military Commanders
In theory, the emperor was supreme commander of the army, but only a few (such as Constantine V, Nikephoros II Phokas, Basil II, or the Komnenoi) personally led armies in ...
Normans
An inhabitant or native of Normandy, France, a descendant of a mixed Scandinavian (‘Northmen’) and Frankish people established there in early medieval times. The area, secured by Rollo in 912 from ...
