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Batch Production
This approach to design production—producing individual designs in limited quantities—was common amongst many smaller companies or craft workshops for much of the 20th century, allowing them to ...
Benetton
(established 1966)By the early 21st century the Italian multinational company Benetton had become one of the largest retailers in the world with outlets in more than 120 countries. The company ...
buffering
The practice of isolating the operations within an organization from the effects of environmental uncertainty. This can be achieved either by holding inventory or by the design of the organization's ...
cycle time
The length of time required from the placing of an order by a customer to the delivery of the product or service. In companies using just-in-time techniques, this should be equivalent to the time ...
flexible work
These terms are part of a widespread debate about changing industrial structure and work organization. It is argued that increasing national and international competition is forcing greater ...
internal customer
A unit, division, or individual employee who is the recipient of materials, products, information, or services from another unit in the same organization (the internal supplier). The concept ...
inventory
Stocks of goods held by businesses. These may be fuel, materials, or components awaiting use in production, goods in process, for example cars on assembly lines, or stocks of finished products ...
kaizen
Is a concept that encourages employees and managers to look constantly for ways of making changes to any system or process that will improve performance. This idea stems from Japanese production ...
kanban
A Japanese method of controlling the movement of materials through a just-in-time system. Literally meaning ‘visual record’, kanban cards provide authority for a work station to produce or to ...
lean production
An approach to manufacturing that focuses on eliminating waste and improving work flow. It is particularly associated with the production system established at Toyota in the 1950s and 1960s, with its ...
post-Fordism
Compare Fordism.1. Production based on relatively small units providing specialized goods or services for segmented markets; closely associated with the decline of the old manufacturing base from the ...
preventative maintenance
(PM)An approach to the maintenance of plant, which is central to just-in-time techniques; it emphasizes frequent proactive inspection and repair in order to reduce downtime and to extend its working ...
pull manufacturing systems
Systems, such as just in time, in which production only takes place when there is a demand from the next stage in the process or from the customer.
set-up reduction
(SUR)An approach to operations management that seeks to reduce the set-up time of a process by better process or product design, by using parallel rather than sequential operations, or by undertaking ...
Shingo's Seven Wastes
The seven ways that wastage can occur in industrial processes, as enumerated by Shigeo Shingo, an engineer at Toyota and a noted authority on just-in-time techniques. They are:• waste of ...
stockless production system
A production system that does not permit stocks to be held in the process. See just in time.
total productive management
(TPM)An approach to management that empowers the employees operating a piece of equipment to take responsibility for a wide range of routine maintenance tasks, traditionally carried out by a separate ...
total quality control
(TQC)is a concept associated mainly with Japanese manufacturing organizations, although the idea of quality has spread to a range of organizations (see Total Quality Management). TQC stresses the ...
uniform load scheduling
An approach to scheduling work that aims to produce small quantities of each product each day, throughout the day. Just-in-time techniques are designed to work on the basis of level scheduling.
