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A. M. Klein
(1909–74),Canadian poet, born in the Ukraine and taken to Montreal in 1910, educated at McGill University and the Université de Montreal. Klein practised at the Bar from 1933 until ...
Adam International Review
A literary quarterly published in London since 1941. (Adam is an acronym for ‘Arts, Drama, Architecture, Music’.) The editor, Miron Grindea (1909– ), originally from Romania, settled in England in ...
adaptation
The process of making a work of art upon the basis of elements provided by an earlier work in a different, usually literary, medium; also the secondary work thus produced. Literary works have been ...
After the Race
(1904), a story in James Joyce's Dubliners (1914). Jimmy Doyle, a butcher's son, attends a motor-race with other young men more cosmopolitan than he, and struggles to keep up with them in hilarity ...
Aidan Higgins
(1927– )novelist, born in Celbridge, Co. Kildare, and best known for the novel Langrishe, Go Down (1966), a pungent contribution to the Irish ‘big house’ genre. Set in the 1930s, in a disintegrating ...
Alice Munro
(1931– ),Canadian short‐story writer, born in Wingham, Ontario, where she grew up. She spent two years at the University of Ontario, married, and moved to British Columbia. Each of her collections, ...
Anglo-Indian literature
Present‐day India boasts an English language literature of energy and diversity, and has spawned a striking literary diaspora. Some writers of Indian descent (V. S. Naipaul, Bharati Mukherjee) now ...
Anthony Burgess
1917–1993)British author.Born and educated in Manchester, Burgess served in the British army during World War II. He then spent a period as a teacher before becoming an education officer in Malaya ...
Apes of God
A novel by Wyndham Lewis, published in 1930. The novel, a satirical roman-à-clef, established Lewis's reputation as the scourge of literary London and ‘Enemy’ of such circles as the Bloomsbury ...
At Swim-Two-Birds
Flann O'Brien's first novel, published in 1939. Graham Greene, then a publisher's reader, recommended its acceptance, noting O'Brien's attempt ‘to present, simultaneously, as it were, all the ...
Augustus Edwin John
(1878–1961)British painter and draughtsman, who is best known for his portraits and for the appealing spontaneity of his style. He was admitted to the OM in 1942.Born in Tenby, the son of a Welsh ...
B. S. Johnson
(1933–73),British novelist, poet, and film‐maker, born in London, educated at King's College, London. He published seven novels, each highly adventurous in form. Travelling People (1963) is a ...
Bill Knott
(1940– ),was born in Michigan, and spent some of his childhood on a Michigan farm. His mother died when he was 6, his father when he was 11, and he ...
Boarding House
A story in James Joyce's Dubliners (1915), written in 1905. Bob Doran, clerk in a vintner's business, is trapped into marriage to Polly Mooney, the daughter of a domineering lodging-house keeper.[...]
Boom
A term used loosely to refer to a group of Latin American authors who, in the late 1950s and 1960s, put fiction from the sub‐continent on the international map. The ...
Botteghe oscure
A review edited in Rome by Marguerite Caetani (1949–60), which established itself as a leading international periodical. The contributors, who included Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, Saul Bellow, Günter ...
censorship
1. Any regime or context in which the content of what is publically expressed, exhibited, published, broadcast, or otherwise distributed is regulated or in which the circulation of information is ...
Cesare Pavese
(1908–1950)Italian novelist, poet, and critic. The elegance and clarity of his prose goes far beyond simple realism; the quietly disturbing imagery of deserted roads and towns and of emptiness in ...
Charles Stewart Parnell
(1846–91)Irish nationalist leader. Elected to Parliament in 1875, Parnell became leader of the Irish Home Rule faction in 1880, and, through his obstructive parliamentary tactics, successfully raised ...
