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Absolute Idealism
19th-century version of idealism in which the world is equated with objective or absolute thought, rather than with the personal flux of experience, as in subjective idealism. The doctrine is the ...
Alice James
(1848–92),sister of Henry James, Jr., and William James, reared, like her four brothers, to find her own values without neighborhood, school, or church affiliations, from the age of 16 suffered ...
anaesthesia
Strictly, the loss of feeling, but generally used for the techniques of pain relief using anaesthetics prior to surgery.
Anti-imperialist League.
Founded in 1899 to oppose U.S. annexation of the Philippines following the Spanish-American War, the Anti-imperialist League was the largest lobbying organization on a U.S. foreign-policy issue ...
attention
Sustained concentration on a specific stimulus, sensation, idea, thought, or activity, enabling one to use information-processing systems with limited capacity to handle vast amounts of information ...
Bernard Berenson
(1865–1959),art historian and philosopher. Born in Lithuania and educated in America, he settled in Europe in 1887. He published Italian Painters of the Renaissance (as separate essays 1894–1907) ...
Bronislaw Malinowski
(1884–1942)Polish-born British anthropologist who developed the functionalist approach to social anthropology, which sought to explain social phenomena in terms of their functional ...
Carl Georg Lange
(1834–1900).Danish psychologist and materialist philosopher working in Copenhagen. Independently of William James, he arrived at an almost identical theory of emotion, i.e. that emotion consists of ...
Charles Horton Cooley
(1864–1929)Cooley was one of the first generation of American sociologists, but an eccentric who differed from most of his peers. Whereas the majority of the pioneers were Social Darwinists, Cooley ...
Charles Renouvier
(1815–1903)French Neo-Kantian. A student of Comte, Renouvier modified Kant in order to remove the ‘thing in itself’, elide the difference between theoretical and practical reason, and emphasize the ...
Charles Sanders Peirce
(1839–1914)American philosopher of science and language. Peirce was the son of the distinguished Harvard mathematician Benjamin Peirce, and educated to a mistrust of metaphysical reasoning, compared ...
Chauncey Wright
(1830–75).American pragmatist and enthusiast for evolution, Wright so impressed Darwin that the Englishman had his writings on the subject reprinted and published in book form as a refutation of ...
degeneration
n. the deterioration and loss of specialized function of the cells of a tissue or organ. The changes may be caused by a defective blood supply or by disease. Degeneration may involve the deposition ...
Edward Lee Thorndike
(1874–1949)Edward L. Thorndike was born on 31 August 1874 in Williamsburg, Massachusetts. He received his BA in classics in 1895 from Wesleyan University. From 1895 to 1897 he studied ...
emotion
(i-moh-shŏn)a state of arousal that can be experienced as pleasant or unpleasant. Emotions can have three components: for example, fear can involve an unpleasant subjective experience, an increase in ...
epiphenomenon
A by-product or any fortuitous or extraneous side-effect of a phenomenon. [From Greek epi after + phainomenon a thing shown, from phainein to show]
evolutionary psychology
An approach to psychology influenced by sociobiology and ethology, based on the assumption that human cognition can best be understood in the context of evolution. The human brain is viewed as a ...
F. O. Matthiessen
(1902–50),graduated from Yale, was a Rhodes Scholar, and received a Ph.D. from Harvard before becoming an instructor at Yale (1927–29) and professor at Harvard (1929–50). An influential teacher, he ...
Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller
(1864–1937)Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller was born in Schleswig-Holstein on the Danish side of the border on 16 August 1864 and died in Los Angeles on 9 August 1937. His ...
functionalism
[Th]An approach that explains social phenomena in terms of their integrative relationships and contributions to the maintenance of society, or to the needs of individuals, rather than in terms of ...
