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André Chénier
(1762–94),French poet: visits London (Marylebone: Portman Sq. and St James's: Pall Mall). Bucoliques .
Anti-Jacobin
(1797–8),a journal founded by Canning and a group of friends to combat the radical views supported by the Monthly Magazine, Coleridge's Watchman, and other Jacobin influences. It was edited by ...
Carbonari
(Ital., ‘charcoal-burners’). A secret political society which emerged in Italy in the early 19th cent. They utilized Christian symbolism but rejected Divine revelation and looked to natural religion ...
Carolina Lattanzi
(d.1818).delivered the oration Schiavitù delle donne at a Jacobin academy in Mantua in 1797. In 1804 in Milan she founded the Corriere delle dame, a very successful weekly journal ...
Charles Nodier
(1780–1844) French writer and librarian, first in his native Besançon.In 1824, Charles X put him in charge of the Arsenal. There Nodier held a famous salon frequented by the ...
Charles Péguy
(1873–1914)French poet and essayist. A socialist who gradually became a Catholic, Péguy began by writing for the Revue socialiste, but he is best known for his later religious poetry ...
Charlotte Corday d'Armont
(1768–93)French noblewoman, the murderess of Marat. After a lonely childhood in Normandy she began to attend the meetings of the Girondins, where she heard of Marat as a tyrant and conceived the idea ...
Committee of Public Safety
An emergency body set up in France in April 1793. It was the first effective executive government of the Revolutionary period and governed France during the most critical year of the Revolution. Its ...
Cordeliers, Club des
This Revolutionary club was constantly a radical, republican body spearheading popular distrust of the government. Until 1792 it shared influence and policies with the Jacobins, but being, unlike the ...
Dialect Writing
[See also Dialect.] A firm distinction between dialect and the standard literary language only becomes viable with the success of Pietro Bembo's programme in the 16th c. Before then, though ...
Directory
The French revolutionary government in France 1795–9, comprising two councils and a five-member executive. It maintained an aggressive foreign policy, but could not control events at home and was ...
Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel
(1752–99).Poet and journalist. Born into a noble Portuguese family established in Naples, she was admitted at a young age to the Arcadia Academy and wrote occasional epithalamia, cantatas, and ...
Feuillants, Club des
Club of right‐wing, generally royalist Revolutionaries, formed in July 1791 by secession from the Jacobins. Led by Barnave, it was very influential for a brief period, but was eliminated from ...
Francesco Mario Pagano
(1748–1799), Neapolitan philosopher and leader of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799. Mario Pagano was born in the countryside of southern Italy in 1748. Law was the profession of his family ...
French Revolution
(1789)The political upheaval that ended with the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy in France and marked a watershed in European history. Various groups in French society opposed the ancien régime ...
Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan
(1736–1803).A high‐level French administrator who in later life wrote a variety of literary, political, and philosophical works, including Considérations sur l'esprit et les mœurs de ce temps (1787) ...
Georges Danton
(1759–94)French revolutionary. A noted orator, he won great popularity in the early days of the French Revolution. He served as Minister of Justice (1792–94) in the new republic and was a founder ...
Giovanni Fantoni
(1755–1807).Poet from Fivizzano near Massa. He studied in the Benedictine convent of Subiaco, and in 1776 became a member of the Arcadia academy as Labindo Arsinoetico. He was appointed ...
Girondins
A member of a French political party whose main exponents came from the Gironde region. The Girondins were closely associated with the Jacobins in the early days of the French Revolution. They held ...
Honoré Mirabeau
(1749–91)French revolutionary politician. Mirabeau rose to prominence in the early days of the French Revolution, when he became deputy of the Third Estate in the States General. His moderate ...
