Agadir
A port in Morocco which became the focus of the second Moroccan crisis (July–November 1911). In response to the French occupation of the Moroccan city of Fez, which broke the agreement over Moroccan ...
apartheid
The former South African policy of racial segregation of other groups from the white inhabitants. Adopted by the successful Afrikaner National Party as a slogan in the 1948 election, apartheid ...
army
Long before the Norman Conquest, military obligation seems to have divided into two basic forms. One was an obligation for service by all adult males, established in English law as the militia by the ...
Ba'athism
Refers to the political philosophy of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (hizb al‐ba'ath al‐arabi al‐ishtiraki). This party is the result of the 1952 merger of two parties—the Arab Ba'ath Party founded ...
Boer wars
(1880–81; 1899–1902)Wars fought between Britain and Transvaal and between Britain and Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The first arose from the British annexation of the Transvaal in 1877 and the ...
Boxer Rebellion
A Chinese nationalist uprising, in protest against the growing foreign encroachment into Chinese sovereignty. It took place against the background of foreign acquisition of bases on Chinese soil ...
British Empire
At its apogee, around 1920, the British empire was the largest ever known, reputed to cover a quarter of the world's land area, and a fifth of its population. Like all mighty oaks, this one had a ...
British Raj
(Hindi, ‘rule’)The British government in India, particularly during the period from 1858 to 1947. Created gradually and haphazardly as a by-product of the East India Company's trading objectives, the ...
capitalism
An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and individual owners of capital are free to make use of it as they see fit; in particular, for their own profit. In this ...
center–periphery
Describes patterns of unequal relations between relatively developed centers and less developed outlying areas within an economy or other system. Although Marxist theories of imperialism by Vladimir ...
Chinese Revolution
The overthrow of the Manchu Qing dynasty and the establishment of a Chinese republic. After half a century of anti-Manchu risings, the imperial government began a reform movement that gave limited ...
Colonial Empires
This form of political organization, bringing a number of different cultures or tribes or nationalities under a superior central authority, has a history infinitely older than that of the ...
colonialism
[Th]The process whereby western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories.
Comintern
(Communist International)Organization of national communist parties for the propagation of communist doctrine with the aim of bringing about a world revolution. It was established by Lenin (1919) in ...
convergence
1 The meeting of tectonic plates. See Rosenbaum (2002) Tectonophys. 359, 1–2 on the convergence of Africa with Europe, and Gelabert et al. (2004) Geologica Acta 2, 3 on the convergence of the ...
decolonization
This term, while not one of art in international law, is frequently employed in U.N. practice to connote the process whereby territories evolve from colonial status to full sovereign statehood. ...
Delian League
A voluntary alliance formed by the Greek city-states in 478–447 bc to seek revenge for losses suffered during the Greek-Persian wars. All members paid tribute in the form of ships or money, the ...
dependency
A dependent territory is a territory that does not possess full political sovereignty (e.g. Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an external territory of Australia; and the Pitcairn Islands, a British ...
Development and Underdevelopment
From its very beginning the science of economics has been preoccupied with economic development. But the theory of development as distinct from economic development came into vogue in the wake ...
Empire
The term originates from ancient Rome, where it denoted the legal power of magistrates, and, furthermore, worldwide domination by the Roman people and emperors. Beginning in the Middle Ages it ...
