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anatomy
The study of the structure of living organisms, especially of their internal parts by means of dissection and microscopical examination. Compare morphology.
basic research
Research undertaken with the primary goal of contributing to knowledge or understanding of some phenomenon or phenomena by testing explicit hypotheses, generally contrasted with applied research. ...
bottom-up processing
Any form of information processing that is initiated, guided, and determined by input and that proceeds in sequential stages, with each stage coming closer to a final interpretation than the last, as ...
case study
A research method that engages in the close, detailed examination of a single example or phenomenon. In some instances, it may be a version of ideographic rather than nomothetic investigation—seeking ...
chi-squared test
(c2) A statistical test that is used to determine whether data obtained by sampling agree with those predicted hypothetically, and thus to test the validity of the hypothesis.
cognitive film theory
*Hypotheses about the (unconscious) mental processes involved in making sense of film and television codes and conventions (not to be confused with psychoanalytic theory). Cognitive film theorists ...
confirmatory factor analysis
The use of factor analysis to test hypotheses about the factors underlying a set of correlations. Compare exploratory factor analysis. CFA abbrev.
deduction
The form of reasoning characteristic of logic and mathematics in which a conclusion is inferred from a set of premises that logically imply it. The term also denotes a conclusion drawn by this ...
dependent and independent variables
See also variable.1. In experimental studies, a dependent variable is an outcome factor on which an independent (‘experimental’ or ‘controlled’) variable is hypothesized and observed to have a ...
disinhibition theory
A hypothesis formerly advanced by Berkowitz that people are naturally aggressive, but that they normally repress this aggression; heavy viewing of violence on television weakens their inhibitions and ...
Erasistratus
Of Iulis on Ceos (about 315–240 bc?), is the only scientist other than Herophilus to whom ancient sources attribute systematic scientific dissections of human cadavers. Celsus claims that ...
experiment
A scientific study in which the investigator deliberately alters some of the conditions of whatever is being observed in order to study the effects of making the alteration(s).
experimental method
Scientific method that involves a sequence of procedures: observation, identification of a problem, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, analysis of data, and interpretation that involves ...
falsifiability
A principle on which the advance of science is based, that relies on the process of finding evidence that a scientific finding, belief, or theory is false. It is elucidated in the writings of the ...
falsification
The central notion in the philosophy of science of Popper, although foreshadowed by Whewell and Peirce. In his Logik der Forschung (1934), Popper argued that the central virtue of science, as opposed ...
Friedrich Nietzsche
(b Röcken, 15 Oct. 1844; d Weimar, 25 Aug. 1900).German philosopher. His influence on 19th- and 20th-century thought has been profound. He first met Wagner in 1868 and under ...
hemispheric lateralization
The hypothesis that the left and right hemispheres of the human cerebral cortex differ in their psychological functions. For most people (most right-handed people and some left-handers) the left ...
hypothesis Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
Assumption or proposal made in order to account for or correlate known facts. Consequences inferred from a hypothesis are put
hypothesis Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine (3 ed.)
A conjectured statement that implies or states a relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis is usually formed from facts already known or research already carried out, and is ...
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hypothesis Reference library
Andrew Belsey
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
A hunch, speculation, or conjecture proposed as a possible solution to a problem, and requiring further investigation of its acceptability by argument or observation and ...
