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brain death
The absence of functional brain activity. This is now the standard test for death. A series of tests have to be performed twice before a diagnosis can be given.
cold exposure
The body's adjustmentLike other mammals, man normally keeps his body core temperature remarkably constant, so that the temperature of the heart, brain, and other central organs seldom rises more ...
core temperature
Temperature in the part of the body that contains the vital organs (the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys). The core temperature is taken internally (e.g. in the rectum or oesophagus) and it normally ...
cryotherapy
n. the destruction of diseased or unwanted tissue based on freezing. For example, prostate cryotherapy involves the infusion of argon gas through the perineum to destroy prostate cancer cells, either ...
dehydration
A loss or deficiency of water in the body or from tissues. Gingival dehydration can be the result of mouth breathing and render the gingival tissues susceptible to inflammation or infection.
disorientation
(dis-or-i-ĕn-tay-shŏn)the state produced by loss of awareness of space, time, or personality. It can occur as the result of drugs, mental illness, or organic disease.
drowning: clinical aspects
When victims of immersion die, it is not usually because of inhaling water. Rather, most have swallowed copious amounts of water, which exacerbates the effects of immersion hypothermia. Only when ...
fatigue
A decline in the level of response of tissues (such as muscle), cells, etc., to nervous stimulation, which occurs after prolonged and continued stimulation of these structures.
flying
Transport by air became a very common activity during the second half of the twentieth century. It provides a rapid means of transport over long distances, in relative comfort. Commercial ...
hide and die syndrome
A pattern of behaviour seen in death from hypothermia in which the victim hides in a cupboard or other confined space either to seek warmth or because of the confusion caused by hypothermia.
hyperbaric chamber
An enclosed boiler-shaped pressurized container large enough to enclose an adult, who can be viewed through a window and whose physiological functions are recorded as the air pressure and oxygen ...
hyperthermia
(hyperthermy) n. 1. exceptionally high body temperature (about 41°C or above). See fever. 2. treatment of disease by inducing fever. Compare hypothermia.1. exceptionally high body temperature (about ...
near-drowning
Human beings have escaped drowning by surviving extraordinary periods under water. The longest documented was a young child, submerged for 40 minutes beneath the icy waters of a frozen lake. ...
survival at sea
Has been a problem confronting man ever since he took to the sea in boats. An emergency can result in survivors finding themselves: (i) immersed in water; or (ii) aboard ...
temperature regulation
The human body is a heat-generating object. Even at complete rest at a comfortable temperature, the vital functions of the body generate heat. When it is at a minimum this ...
wind Chill
That portion of a body's heat loss that is caused through cooling by the wind. The calculation of the amount of wind-chill is complex and various formulae are used. For the guidance of the general ...
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