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Goldstone's theorem
The theorem in relativistic quantum field theory that if there is an exact continuous symmetry of the Hamiltonian or Lagrangian defining the system, and this is not a symmetry of the vacuum state ...
Hamiltonian cycle
A cycle of a graph in the course of which each vertex of the graph is visited once and once only.
Hamiltonian operator Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
symbol: H; a function used to express the total energy of a system in joules: H = T
Noether's theorem
Every continuous symmetry under which the Lagrangian (or Hamiltonian) is invariant in form is associated with a conservation law. For example, invariance of a Langrangian under time displacement ...
quantization
The process of constructing a discrete representation of a quantity that is usually regarded as continuous (see discrete and continuous systems). For example, the measurement of the amplitude of a ...
Schrödinger equation
An equation used in wave mechanics (see quantum mechanics) for the wave function of a particle. The time-independent Schrödinger equation is:∇2ψ+8π2 m(E – U)ψ/h 2=0, where ψ is the wave function, ∇2 ...
spin hamiltonian
A formulation in quantum mechanics used in the determination of the energy levels of the spin of an electron or a nucleus in electron spin resonance spectroscopy or, less commonly, in nuclear ...
travelling salesman problem
A network problem that can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. A salesman has to visit a number of interconnected destinations. The problem is to determine the route that minimizes ...
William Rowan Hamilton
(1805–65)Ireland's greatest mathematician, whose main achievement was in the subject of geometrical optics, for which he laid a theoretical foundation that came close to anticipating quantum theory. ...
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