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Alexander Bain
(1818–1903)Scottish philosopher. The self-taught son of a weaver, Bain eventually enrolled in Marischal College, in Aberdeen, and became a radical follower of J. S. Mill. He was appointed professor ...
Charles Badham
(1813–84)Charles Badham was born in Ludlow, Shropshire on 18 July 1813 and died in Sydney on 27 February 1884. His father was a physician who held a Chair in ...
Connop Thirlwall
(1797–1875), Bp. of St Davids from 1840. He learnt Welsh, restored Church life in his diocese, and took part in the ecclesiastical questions of his day in a liberal spirit. He supported the removal ...
Edward Caird
(1835–1908)Scottish absolute idealist, Professor at Glasgow and Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Like Hegel, Caird believed that the aim of philosophy was to overcome philosophical oppositions and ...
Edward Gibbon Wakefield
(1796–1862)British colonial reformer and writer. In 1829 he published his Letter from Sydney using information he had obtained while serving a sentence in Newgate gaol in London. Concerned that ...
Fortnightly Review
(1865–1934),a positivist and anti‐orthodox literary periodical. G. H. Lewes, the first editor, was succeeded by John Morley. Almost all numbers ran a serialized novel; the first contained a chapter ...
Frances Wright
(1795–1852),Scottish-born free-thinker and author, who spent two years in the U.S. (1818–20), where she produced her play Altorf (1819), about the Swiss fight for independence, and toured the country ...
Holland House
Kensington, London, built at the beginning of the 17th cent. In 1767 it was acquired by Henry Fox, first Baron Holland, who entertained Horace Walpole and George Selwyn there. In the time of his ...
Jeremy Bentham
(1748–1832)English philosopher of law, language, and ethics. Born in London, Bentham was educated at Oxford, and studied law, for which he developed a profound mistrust. His major preoccupation ...
Joseph Hume
(1777–1855).The archetypal middle-class parliamentary radical. A confirmed Benthamite, Hume was an indefatigable speaker in Parliament and organizer of committees, pressure groups, and alliances ...
London Library
Was founded in 1840, largely at the instance of Carlyle, with the support and encouragement of many eminent men of letters of the day, including Gladstone, Grote, H. Hallam, and Mazzini. It opened on ...
London University
Was founded largely on the initiative of Lord Brougham. Opening in 1828, University College had no religious entrance requirements and became known as ‘the godless institution of Gower Street’. In ...
philosophical radicals
Is a loose term for the group of reformers in the early 19th cent. who based their approach to government and society largely on the utilitarian theories of Jeremy Bentham, though they were also ...
Quarterly Review
(1809–1967),was founded by John Murray as a Tory rival to the Whig Edinburgh Review. Sir W. Scott, who had been harshly reviewed in the Edinburgh, became an ardent supporter of the venture. The ...
Radicalism
Seeks a fundamental change in political structures through a programme of far-reaching but constitutional reform. Its features include some or all of individualism, democracy, minimal government, a ...
secret ballot
Was advocated as early as 1656 by James Harrington in Oceana, discussed in pamphlets at the time of the Glorious Revolution, argued by Defoe in 1708, and became a persistent radical demand in the ...
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