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Adolf Deissmann
(1866–1937), German Protestant theologian. He did distinguished pioneer work in biblical philology, making full use of material from the recently discovered papyri.
Alexander the Great
[Na]Leader of the Macedonians. Born in 356 bc, Alexander was tutored in his early years by Aristotle before succeeding his father Philip as king of Macedonia and the mainland of Greece in 336 bc. ...
Alfonso V of Aragon
(1396–1458)Eldest son of Fernando de Antequera (Fernando I, 1414–16) and Leonor of Albuquerque, Alfonso was a Castilian prince of the Trastámara family who acceded to the Crown of Aragon ...
alphabet
1. A particular sequential arrangement of a set of letters or other graphic symbols used to write a language in which these graphemes are used to represent the basic speech sounds or phonemes.2. A ...
anacoluthon
(Greek, ‘wanting sequence’),a sentence in which a fresh construction is adopted before the former is complete.
anthropology
In philosophical usage, a general theory of human nature, sometimes thought to be the necessary foundation of history and all social sciences. The philosophy of anthropology considers such issues as ...
Apocryphal New Testament
Christian writings not included in the authoritative canon of the NT which claim to be reminiscences of the life of the young Jesus and his miraculous powers, or supplements to the book of Acts about ...
Apollonius (13)
Son of Mnesitheus, nicknamed Dyscolus, of Alexandria (1) (2nd c. ad). Of his life little is known; apart from a short visit to Rome, he did not leave Alexandria, and ...
Balkans
The countries occupying the Balkan peninsula of south-eastern Europe, lying south of the Danube and Sava rivers, between the Adriatic and Ionian seas in the west, the Aegean and Black seas in the ...
bilingualism
Widespread bilingualism at some level was characteristic of the ancient world. Latin and esp. Greek were the languages of culture and education (in the Roman empire, Latin was the language of law and ...
Book of Tobit
This Book of the Apocrypha was written in Aramaic or Hebrew, probably c.200 bc. It relates the story of Tobit, a pious Jew who had been taken captive to Nineveh and in his old age became poor and ...
Carlo Sigonio
(1520–84),Italian humanist and historian. He was born in Modena and became a student of Greek, in which he later held professorships in Modena, Venice, Padua, and Bologna. Sigonius published ...
Classical Scholarship
[This entry includes five subentries: AntiquityByzantiumWestern Europe in the Middle Ages and the RenaissanceModern Classical ScholarshipHistory of the Study of Ancient Art and Architecture See also ...
deacon
In Catholic, Anglican, and Orthodox Churches, an ordained minister ranking below that of priest (now, except in the Orthodox Church, typically in training for the priesthood). In some Protestant ...
Dead Sea Scrolls
A collection of Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, the first of which were found in 1947 by shepherds in a cave near the north-western shore of the Dead Sea. They belonged to the library of the Jewish ...
Decalogue
Another name for the Ten Commandments; the name is recorded from late Middle English, and comes via French and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek dekalogos (biblos) ‘(book of) the Ten Commandments’, ...
Decapolis
In biblical times, a league of 10 ancient Greek cities formed in Palestine after the Roman conquest of 63 bc; the cities were Scythopolis, Hippos, Gadara, Raphana, Dion, Pella, Gerasa, Philadelphia, ...
demon
An evil spirit or devil, especially one thought to possess a person or act as a tormentor in hell; the word is recorded from Middle English, and comes partly via medieval Latin and Latin from Greek ...
diaspora
Jews living outside Israel; the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.The main diaspora began in the 8th–6th centuries bc, and even before the sack of Jerusalem in ad 70 the number of Jews dispersed ...
diatribe
Term (derived from Gk. word meaning ‘spending’ (of time) ) given by modern scholars to works of Greek or Roman popular philosophy and generally implying the following: that they are direct ...
