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A. S. Byatt
(1936– )Novelist and critic, born in Sheffield, and educated at the Mount School, York, and Newnham College, Cambridge. Her first novel, Shadow of a Sun (1964), describes a woman attempting ...

Aboulaye Sadji
(1910–1961), Senegalese writer. Born in Rufisque, Senegal, Sadji taught school in Rufisque and Dakar, wrote articles for Présence africaine and Bingo, and created the first radio stations in Senegal ...

Albert Sixtus
(1892–1960), German author of books for children and young people, who achieved popularity into the 21st century for his verses in the picture book Die Häschenschule (Rabbits at School, 1924). ...

Aleksandr Afanasyev
(1826–1871), Russian folklorist. His collection Russian Folktales, in eight volumes (1855–1863), is still the most comprehensive work on East Slavic folk tales. Afanasyev used the Grimms’ Children's ...

Alexander Pushkin
(1799–1837),Russia's greatest poet, whose works include lyric poems, Byronic verse narratives, prose stories, historical dramas, and the great political poem The Bronze Horseman (1833). His novel in ...

Alvin Schwartz
(1927–1992), best-selling author, known for his collections of humorous and scary folk tales. Born in Brooklyn, he briefly attended City College in New York, served in the U.S. Navy, then ...

amusements and recreation
Dickens had a profound interest in popular recreation, and reference to it suffuses his early fiction and his journalism throughout his life. His basic philosophy can be found in the ...

Ana de Castro Osorio
(1872–1935), Portuguese writer. Born at Mangualde, in the middle of Portugal, she died in Setúbal, a historical city near Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Osorio was one of the most ...

Andrew Lang
(1844–1912),born at Selkirk, was educated at St Andrews University and became a fellow of Merton College, Oxford. In 1875 he settled in London, becoming one of the most prolific and versatile writers ...

Angela Carter
1940–1992)British writer whose imaginative novels, which blend fantasy with realism, have won her a cult following.Born in Eastbourne, Angela Stalker was brought up in Yorkshire and London, failed to ...

animation
A technique used in motion pictures or video production, produced frame by frame, in which inanimate objects, such as cartoon drawings or puppets, appear to move of their own accord.

Anna Fienberg
(1956–), Australian author of picture books, junior fiction, and young adult novels. She has published a number of picture books but is most renowned for her junior fiction, Wiggy and ...

Anne Thackeray Ritchie
(1837–1919),elder daughter of Thackeray. She wrote novels of an impressionistic kind which influenced her step‐niece V. Woolf: Old Kensington (1873) and Mrs Dymond (1885) are probably the best ...

Antonio Gramsci
(1891–1937)Italian intellectual and founder of the Italian Communist Party.Born in Alès, Sardinia, Gramsci was educated at the University of Turin, where he studied history and philosophy. As a ...

Aquilino Ribeiro
(1885–1963), writer born in the north of Portugal who died in Lisbon. His book O Romance da Raposa (The Romance of the Fox, 1924) is considered one of the greatest ...

Arthur Quiller-Couch
(1863–1944), British author, academic, and anthologist who adopted the pen name Q. Born in Bodmin, Cornwall, his love of that county and of the sea influenced much of his fictional ...

Arthur Rackham
(1867–1939),children's book illustrator. Amongst his most successful works are Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm (1900), Rip van Winkle (1905), which established him as the fashionable illustrator of ...

ballad
A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture. ...

Barbara Ann Porte
(1943–), American author whose children's books cross a wide spectrum of genres. A librarian by profession, Porte entered the field of children's literature with Harry's Visit (1983), the first in ...

Barbara Leonie Picard
(1917–), British author of five historical novels for older children, several collections of original fairy tales in a traditional style, and various retellings including The Odyssey of Homer (1952) ...