battle of Mynydd Carn
1081.After 1066 Norman pressure began on north and south Wales, and a period of confused fighting among the Welsh princes ensued. But at Mynydd Carn, near St Davids, Gruffydd ap Cynan and Rhys ap ...
Brycheiniog
Was a medieval Welsh kingdom whose dynasty is said to have begun with Brychan, the son of a 5th‐cent. Irish chieftain and the daughter of the king of Garthmadrun in the Vale of Usk. His line ended ...
Carmarthenshire
County of south‐west Wales. It was part of the early Welsh kingdom of Dyfed and its core became the heart of the later kingdom of Deheubarth. At the Norman Conquest, a royal lordship was created ...
Dyfed
The land of the Demetae people at the time of the Roman invasions. The kingdom may have been founded by Irish immigrants, the Deisi, in post‐Roman times; its royal dynasty lasted until Llywarch ap ...
Glamorgan
County of south Wales. It was part of the Welsh kingdom of Glywysing, but in the 10th cent., under Morgan Hen, became known as Gwlad Morgan. Under the Normans it was converted to the lordship of ...
Gruffydd ap Cynan
(c. 1055–1137),king of Gwynedd (1081–1137). He was the son of Cynan ab Iago, a descendant of Rhodri Mawr but an exile in Ireland. With Viking and Norman aid, he returned to re‐establish Rhodri's line ...
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
(d. 1063),king of Gwynedd and Powys (1039–63). The son of Llywelyn ap Seisyll, king of Gwynedd, and Angharad, the king of Deheubarth's daughter, Gruffydd created a personal dominion over much of ...
Gruffydd ap Rhys
(c. 1090–1137),pretender to the kingdom of Deheubarth. Following the death of his father, Rhys ap Tewdwr, in 1093, Gruffydd was taken to Ireland for safety. In 1113 he returned ...
kingdom of Gwent
A post‐Roman kingdom situated between the rivers Wye and Usk that took its name from the Roman town of Caerwent, and lasted until Norman incursions in the late 11th cent. From 1070 the Norman ...
kingdom of Seisyllwg
An early Welsh kingdom of obscure origin, though it may have been established by Seisyll ap Clydog, king of Ceredigion, by extending his dominion south to the Tywi valley (c.730). Later (904), it was ...
Monmouthshire
Was the most border of all counties, straddling England and Wales throughout its 400 years' history.In pre‐Roman times, the area was part of the territory of the Silures. It was rapidly brought under ...
Owain Cyfeiliog
(c. 1130–97),prince of southern Powys. He was the nephew of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, whom he served (from 1149) in the commote of Cyfeiliog, from which he took his name. He resisted ...
Owain Glyndŵr
B. c.1359, s. of Gruffydd Fychan (s. of Gruffydd ap Madog) and Elen, da. of Thomas ap Llywelyn; m. Margaret, da. of Sir David Hanmer, c.1383; issue: 6 s., 4 das., including Gruffydd, Maredudd, ...
Pembrokeshire
County of south‐west Wales. The county was created at the Act of Union with England in 1536. The peninsula, part of the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth, was conquered by Arnulf de Montgomery c.1090, who ...
Rhodri
(d. 878),king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth (844–78), known as Rhodri Mawr (‘the Great’). The son of Merfyn Frych (‘the Freckled’), king of Gwynedd, and Nest of Powys, Rhodri ...
Rhys ap Gruffydd
(1132–97),king of Deheubarth (1155–97), known as ‘the Lord Rhys’. The younger son of Gruffydd ap Rhys, king of Deheubarth, and Gwenllian, daughter of Gruffydd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd ...
Rhys ap Tewdwr
Son of Tewdwr ap Cadell, another descendant of Hywel Dda, made himself master of Deheubarth after Rhys ab Owain's death in 1078. He married Gwladus, daughter of Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, and had issue ...
Scotland, Ireland, Wales: early Wales to 1064
From the end of Roman rule to the death of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, the Welsh defined themselves as a nation. This era saw the construction and expansion of the principal ...
White Book of Rhydderch
[W Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch].Great collection of medieval Welsh prose, copied on parchment c.1325, containing versions of the Mabinogi and all the other narratives included in the Mabinogion, except ...
