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Adrian VI
(1459–1523),Pope from 9 January 1522 until his death on 14 September 1523, was born Adriaan Florenszoon Dedal in Utrecht on 2 March 1459. He was educated by the Brethren ...
Ägidius Tschudi
(1505–72),Swiss historian, born into an ancient family in Glarus and educated in Zürich (where he was taught by Zwingli), Basel, and Paris (where he was taught by Lefèvre d'Étaples). ...
Albertinus Ägidius
(c.1560–1620),Dutch Counter-Reformation polemicist in Germany, born in Deventer. He left the Netherlands as a religious refugee and seems to have travelled in Spain and Austria before entering the ...
Albrecht V
(1528–79),Duke of Bavaria, the son of Wilhelm IV of Wittelsbach, succeeded his father in March 1550. He had married a daughter of Ferdinand of Habsburg (later the Emperor Ferdinand ...
Anne Des Marquets
(d. 1588).A Dominican nun best known for her Sonnets, prières et devises en forme de Pasquins (1562), which were inspired by the Colloque de Poissy, and for her translations ...
Antonio Brucioli
(1490/1500–66).Florentine humanist who studied under Diacceto and was well versed in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. He attended meetings at the Orti Oricellari [see academies; Rucellai, Bernardo] and was ...
Antonio Minturno
(d. 1579),Italian literary theorist. He was born in Traetto and moved in 1521 to Rome, where he pursued a clerical career in which he was to become bishop of ...
Bartolomeo Ammanati
or(1511–92).Born near Florence, Ammannati was a gifted Mannerist sculptor, but he also designed buildings, including the elegant Ponte Santa Trinità in Florence (1567–70), rebuilt after its ...
Bernardo Davanzati
(1529–1606),Italian author and translator, born in Florence. After a period as a businessman in Lyon, he returned to Florence, where he translated the Annals of Tacitus into Italian and ...
Capuchins
A friar belonging to a branch of the Franciscan order that observes a strict rule drawn up in 1529. The name is recorded from the late 16th century, and comes via obsolete French from Italian ...
Cardinal Richelieu
(1585–1642), French theologian and politician. He was created a cardinal in 1622; he became President of the Council of Ministers in 1624 and from 1629 he was chief minister of France. Seeking to ...
Carlo Borromeo
(1538–84),Italian cardinal, born on 2 October 1538 in the castle of Arona (on Lake Maggiore), the second son of the count of Arona. At the age of 12 he ...
Carlo Maderno
(c.1556–1629) Italian architect and engineer.His was a bright talent in a very dull period for Roman architecture (roughly 1570–1620), though he often worked under considerable constraints.The ...
Carlo Sigonio
(1520–84),Italian humanist and historian. He was born in Modena and became a student of Greek, in which he later held professorships in Modena, Venice, Padua, and Bologna. Sigonius published ...
catechism
A summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for the instruction of Christians. The word is recorded from the early 16th century and comes via ...
Catholicism
The word derives from the universality of faith in the Christian church, but since the 16th cent. has referred to the portion of Christianity accepting papal authority. It delineates the distinctive ...
Christian archaeology
The phrase commonly denotes the study of the monuments, as distinct from the documents, of early Christianity for the light they can throw on the thought and religious life of the Church, especially ...
Church of Ireland
Building on 4th‐cent. traces, Patrick evangelized Ireland (c.432) and developed a distinctively Celtic Christianity, but with the partial Anglo‐Norman conquest of Ireland the church again joined ...
clergy
The body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church. Recorded from Middle English, the word comes via Old French, based on ecclesiastical Latin clericus ...
concettismo
An Italian word for ‘conceitism’, or the cult of strikingly ingenious conceits, metaphors, paradoxes, and wit (ingegno) in both prose and verse of the early 17th century. Its most prominent exponent ...
