Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius
(63–12 bc)Roman general. Augustus' adviser and son‐in‐law, he played an important part in the naval victories over Mark Antony, and held commands in both western and eastern provinces of the empire.
Anicius
A noble family, originating from Praeneste, which in the 4th C. became one of the most influential and wealthy lineages in Rome. Unlike most Roman senatorial aristocrats, the Anicii converted ...
Annius Verus, Marcus
Grandfather of Marcus Aurelius, from Ucubi (mod. Espejo) in Baetica, became a patrician under Vespasian, and was suffect consul in ad 97. He was influential under Hadrian, to whom he ...
Asia, Roman province
Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans. After his death in 133 bc it was constituted as provincia Asia. Originally it consisted of Mysia, Troas, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia (see ...
Aufidius Victorinus, Gaius
A senator from Umbria, son-in-law of the orator Fronto and close friend of M. Aurelius, is often mentioned in the former's Letters, and by Cassius Dio and the Historia Augusta. ...
body
The history of the body is a discipline which emerged in the 1980s; it questions the extent to which the body is ‘natural’, and asks whether all societies have experienced ...
Brescia
A fortified city and episcopal see in Lombardy. In 1426 Brescia passed from the Visconti family to Venice, to which it belonged until 1797. In February 1512, during the Wars ...
capitano del popolo
Magistrate appointed to defend the popolo against elites in Italian city-states. The office, first recorded in the mid 13th century, proliferated thereafter throughout northern Italy. The capitano ...
careers
GreekIn Greek‐speaking areas no cursus honorum on the Roman republican model emerged. Though Thucydides (2) credited the Spartan army with a clear hierarchical command structure, promotions and ...
Cincinnatus
(c. 519–438 bc)Roman republican hero famous for his devotion to the republic in times of crisis. Appointed dictator in 458 when a Roman army was trapped in battle by the Aequi tribe, he won a ...
collēgium
1 (1) Magisterial or priestly: a board of officials.2 (2) Private: any private association of fixed membership and constitution (see clubs, roman).The principle of collegiality was a standard feature ...
commentarii
‘memoranda’, were often private or businesslike, e.g. accounts, notebooks for speeches, legal notes, or teaching materials. Their public use developed in the priestly colleges (e.g. pontifices), and ...
Concordia
The cult of personified harmonious agreement (Gk. homonoia) within the body politic at Rome is indicative of its absence. The first temple overlooking the Forum from the lower slopes of the ...
conscripti
The phrase patres conscripti, i.e. the senate, is interpreted in ancient sources either as a single expression (‘enrolled fathers’) or as two distinct terms deriving from the addition to the ...
Consularis
(ὑπατικός), Roman title bestowed on a former Consul. In the 3rd C. it became customary to designate as consularis the governor of a province where several legions were assigned. Consulares ...
consulate
(Italian towns) First called universitates mercatorum and communitates, then nationes after 1400, these institutions are established from the 12th century onwards in the Near East, from the 13th ...
Cornelius Anullinus, Publius
From Iliberris (mod. Granada) in Baetica, had a distinguished career under Marcus Aurelius, being consul c.ad 175 and governor of Upper Germany. Proconsul of Africa at the time of L. ...
Cornelius Cossus, Aulus
(RE 112)a Roman commander who won the spolia opima by killing Lars Tolumnius, the king of Veii, in a cavalry duel. The breastplate of Tolumnius, which Cossus dedicated to ...
Cornēlius Scīpiō Aemiliānus Africānus (Numantīnus), Publius
B. 185/4 bc as second son of Aemilius Paullus (2), adopted as a child by Cornelius Scipio, son of Cornelius Scipio Africanus. In 168 he fought under Paullus at Pydna. Back in Rome, he met Polybius, ...
Cornēlius Scīpiō Africānus, Publius
b. 236 bc, is said to have saved his father's life at the battle of the Ticinus in 218 and, as military tribune, to have rallied the survivors of the battle of Cannae. He was curule aedile 213, and ...
