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A. J. Muste
(1885–1967), minister, labor organizer, antiwar activist.Born in the Netherlands, Muste studied at theological seminaries in the United States and became a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church ...

Adlai Stevenson
(b. Los Angeles, 5 Feb. 1900; d. London, 14 July 1965)US; Governor of Illinois 1949–53, Democratic presidential candidate 1952, 1956 Stevenson took a BA at Princeton University and an LL B at ...

Administration of Eisenhower, Dwight D.
The years of Dwight D. Eisenhower's two terms as president, 1953–1961, were turbulent ones for African Americans and civil rights in the United States. Although most historians agree that the ...

affluent society
A society in which material wealth is widely distributed; often with allusion to the book of that title (1958) by the American economist John Kenneth Galbraith.

Afghanistan
Still a battleground between the Taliban and government and NATO forces.Afghanistan is a largely mountainous country: more than half the territory is above 2,000 metres. Its central highlands are the ...

Agriculture and War
War and agriculture have often been intertwined during the nation's history. Although this usually involved arable land and farm production, there were times when agricultural trade was at issue.The ...

Air and Space Defense
Recognizing that the two great oceans that had protected the United States from invasion for more than a century could now, at least in theory, be overcome through aerial assault ...

Air Force Combat Organizations: Strategic Air Forces
First introduced as auxiliaries in support of ground and naval forces, aircraft offered a potential technological solution to the problems of warfare in the industrial age. Aerial forces could fly ...

Air Force Reserve
AFRC located at Robins Air Force Base in Georgia, established as the Air Force Reserve on April 14, 1948. It supports the Air Force mission to defend the United States ...

Air Force, U.S.
USAF the part of the U.S. armed forces with primary responsibility for air warfare, military space research, and air defense. It also provides air services to other branches of the ...

air transport
1 the movement of personnel and cargo by air.2 an aircraft designed to move personnel and/or cargo.

Air Warfare
Despite having given birth to the airplane in 1903, the United States was slow to explore the military applications of aviation and had effectively no air arm when war broke ...

airborne warfare
The first concept for the use of American airborne troops occurred during World War I in 1918, when Gen. Billy Mitchell proposed a mass drop of paratroopers against German trenches ...

Aircraft Industrialists
Among the ever‐widening links between military and social institutions, few have been as extensive or dynamic as the relationship between the U.S. military and the aircraft industry. From the ...

airforce
The armed service concerned with attack and defence in the air. Aircraft were first used in World War I to locate targets for artillery on the Western Front, but from 1916 onwards they were developed ...

Albert Schweitzer
(1875–1965)German theologian, musician, and medical missionary. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952 and became an honorary member of the OM in 1955.Born in Alsace, the son of a pastor, ...

Albert Wohlstetter
(1913–97),brilliant pioneer thinker in the field of ‘thinking the unthinkable’ with reference to nuclear weapons. He joined the Rand Corporation in 1951 where he worked as a senior policy ...

Alger Hiss
(1904–96) State Department official and accused spy. In 1950, Hiss was convicted of perjury, stemming from his testimony before a grand jury that he had never given a Communist courier ...

Allen Welsh Dulles
(1893–1969), lawyer, foreign service officer, and intelligence official.The grandson of one secretary of state and nephew of another, Dulles entered the foreign service in 1914. He spent World War ...

alliance
N. a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations: a defensive alliance between Australia and New Zealand | divisions within the alliance.