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carnival
A period of public revelry at a regular time each year, as during the week before Lent in Roman Catholic countries, involving processions, music, dancing, and the use of masquerade. Recorded from the ...

chronotope
A term employed by the Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975) to refer to the co-ordinates of time and space invoked by a given narrative; in other words to the ‘setting’, considered ...

dialogism
1. In literary works, Bakhtin's term for a style of discourse in which characters express a variety of (potentially contradictory) points of view rather than being mouthpieces for the author: a ...

François Rabelais
(c. 1494–c. 1553),French physician, humanist, and satirist whose great work, the satirical entertainments on the popular giants Gargantua and Pantagruel (Gargantua, 1534; Pantagruel, 1532 or 1533; ...

heteroglossia
The existence of conflicting discourses within any field of linguistic activity, such as a national language, a novel, or a specific conversation. The term appears in translations of the writings of ...

hybridity
A central feature of colonial racism has been the need to categorize and separate ‘races’. The spurious belief of distinct ‘races’ in 19th-century discourses of scientific racism was based upon an ...

Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin
(1895–1975)Russian literary theorist and philosopher. An influential opponent of large-scale systems or theories in literary studies, Bakhtin highlighted the contingent, messy, unfinished unfolding ...

polyphony
Russian linguist and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin used this word, literally meaning many voiced to describe literary writing that managed to liberate the voice of its characters from under the ...
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