Overview
Julius Caesar
(100 bc — 144 ad) politician, author, and military commander
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agrarian laws and policy
Allocation of land by the community is attested in the Greek world at the times of new city foundations (see colonization, greek), and when land was annexed (cleruchies). There is also some evidence ...
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius
(63–12 bc)Roman general. Augustus' adviser and son‐in‐law, he played an important part in the naval victories over Mark Antony, and held commands in both western and eastern provinces of the empire.
amphibious Operations
An attack launched from the sea by naval and landing forces, embarked in ships or craft involving a landing on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. An amphibious operation involves five phases: ...
Aphrodisias
Was a Carian city, probably established in the 2nd cent. bc as the political centre of communities honouring a mother‐goddess, called Aphrodite perhaps from the 3rd cent. and later identified with ...
Appian
Greek historian. Born in Alexandria at the end of the 1st cent. ad, he experienced the Jewish rising of ad 116/17, became a Roman citizen, moved to Rome as an advocate and eventually gained, through ...
art, the military
Merely to use the term ‘the military art’ is to enter directly into the debate as to whether warfare is indeed an art, thus the province of unquantifiable qualities such ...
Arthur Golding
(1535/6–1606)Translator into English of Latin and French works, including Ovid's Metamorphoses (1565, 1567), Caesar's Gallic War (1565), the Roman historian Justin's abbreviation of Trogus Pompeius ...
Asia, Roman province
Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans. After his death in 133 bc it was constituted as provincia Asia. Originally it consisted of Mysia, Troas, Aeolis, Lydia, Ionia (see ...
Atrebates
[CP]The pre‐Roman Iron Age tribe living in central southern England between the Belgae to the south and the Catuvellauni to the north. Their capital appears to have been at Silchester, a site which ...
Augustus
(63 bc–ad 14),the first Roman emperor; also called (until 27 bc) Octavian. He was adopted by the will of his great-uncle Julius Caesar and gained supreme power by his defeat of Mark Antony in 31 bc. ...
baggage
Generic term covering the portable equipment of an army. In the ancient world the logistic needs of armies were relatively straightforward compared to the complex array matériel needed today. Despite ...
battle of Carrhae
(53 bc),the first encounter between the Parthians and a Roman army, to its misfortune led by Crassus. He was one of the triumvirate that dominated Rome and wanted to ...
Battle of Pharsalus
(48 bc)The battle in which Pompey was defeated by Julius Caesar. After Caesar crossed the Rubicon, Pompey retired to Greece to rally his forces. Caesar crushed Pompey's supporters in Spain and then ...
Battle of Philippi
(42 bc)A battle fought at Philippi, a city in Macedonia in northern Greece, in which Caesar's assassins under Brutus were defeated by the armies of Mark Antony and Octavian (Augustus). Both Cassius ...
Belgae
An Iron Age Celtic people of north-west Europe occupying part of ancient Gaul to the north of the Seine and Marne rivers. They were defeated by Julius Caesar in 57 bc.
Brutus
In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Decius Brutus is one of the conspirators. Marcus Brutus is the idealistic friend of Caesar who is persuaded by Cassius to join the conspiracy. Caesar receives his ...
Caelius Rufus, Marcus
Born (probably) 88 or 87 bc at Interamnia (mod. Teramo), son of an eques or knight, did his tirocinium fori (apprenticeship to public life) under Cicero and Crassus. As one of a band of upper-class ...
Caesar
A branch of the aristocratic Roman Julia clan, the name of which passed from its most famous member Julius Caesar to become an imperial title. All succeeding Roman emperors adopted it, conferring the ...
Caesar, (Gaius) Julius (13 July ?102 bc) Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture
(b Rome, 13 July ?102
Roman dictator,
Caesar, Caius Julius (100–44 bc) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Military History
Probably the greatest general in Rome's history, and among the most successful of all time, Caesar was also a skilful
