British, Irish, and American Influences
1. Before 1700The English crown held sway over much of what is now France for long periods in the Middle Ages. After the Norman Conquest, however, French was the ...
Euripides
(480–c. 406 bc),Greek dramatist. His nineteen surviving plays show important innovations in the handling of traditional myths, such as the introduction of realism, an interest in feminine psychology, ...
Jacques Grévin
(1538–70),French poet, a humanist of the school of Ronsard. His tragedy La Mort de César (1561)—important as the first original French tragedy to be performed and published—shows the influence ...
James I
King of England, James VI of Scotland, b. 19 June 1566, s. of Henry, Lord Darnley, and Mary, queen of Scots; acc. Scotland 24 July 1567; England 24 Mar. 1603; m. Anne, da. of Frederick II of Denmark, ...
Jean Bastien de La Péruse
(1529–54),French dramatist and humanist associated both with the Pléiade and with the humanists of the Collège de Boncourt. His Médée (1556), an imitation of Seneca, was one of the earliest ...
Pléiade
A group of seven 16th‐century French poets, led by Ronsard. The name, deriving ultimately from the seven stars of the constellation of the Pleiades, had originally been applied by Alexandrian ...
Pleiades
A prominent open cluster in Taurus, popularly termed the Seven Sisters, and also known as M45. The cluster spans over 1½° of sky and contains about 100 stars, the brightest of which is 3rd-magnitude ...
Queen of Scots Mary
B. 7 Dec. 1542, da. of James V and Mary of Guise; acc. 14 Dec. 1542, abdic. 24 July 1567; m. (1) Francis, dauphin of France, 24 Apr. 1558; (2) Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, 29 July 1565; (3) James ...
Robert Garioch
(1909–81),Scottish poet, known principally for his witty and satiric poems in Scots. His works include 17 Poems for 6d: In Gaelic, Lowland Scots and English (1940; in collaboration with S. Maclean); ...
Scottish literature
The literary languages of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Scotland were Scots and Latin; very little Gaelic literature survives, though there is an important collection of ballads in the manuscript ...
Thomas Sebillet
(1512–89),French literary theorist and translator, the author of L'Art poétique français (1548), a poetic manifesto which provoked Joachim du Bellay's Défence et illustration, published in the ...
tragedy
A serious drama with an unhappy ending involving the downfall of the protagonist. One of Frye's four main literary genres, the others being comedy, romance, and satire. For Aristotle, this involved ...
True Law of Free Monarchies
A political treatise attributed to James I, published 1598, and written to combat the Calvinist theory of government advocated by G. Buchanan in his De Jure Regni (1579). It sets forth the doctrine ...
Wechel family
A dynasty of German humanist printers active in Paris from the 1520s, in Frankfurt from 1572, and subsequently in Hanau and Basel. Christian Wechel (c.1520–54) inaugurated the publishing house in ...
William Barclay
(1546/7–1608),Scottish jurist and political philosopher in France and England. Barclay was educated at the University of Aberdeen, and left Scotland for France in 1573. He studied civil law in ...
