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archaeology: Britain Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
The medieval archaeology of Britain presents a rich and diverse resource that includes both upstanding and below-ground remains and a
army
Long before the Norman Conquest, military obligation seems to have divided into two basic forms. One was an obligation for service by all adult males, established in English law as the militia by the ...
battle of Bannockburn
(24 June 1314)A major battle fought between Edward II of England and Robert I (the Bruce) at Bannockburn, about 4.5 km (2 miles) from Stirling in Scotland. Edward's large invading army, perhaps ...
battle of Castillon
1453.On 17 July 1453, the English lost Gascony, which they had held for 300 years. An Anglo‐Gascon attack on a fortified artillery park on the right bank of the Dordogne was probably launched without ...
battle of Edington
878.After the disaster at Chippenham in January 878, Alfred was reduced to guerrilla warfare from the marshes around Athelney. By May he was ready to attack again and encountered Guthrum's Danes at ...
Battle of Evesham
(4 August 1265)A crucial engagement in the second Barons' War (1264–65) when Prince Edward defeated Simon de Montfort and rescued his father Henry III. Simon's headless corpse was buried in the abbey ...
battle of Falkirk
1298.*Wallace's victory at Stirling Bridge in 1297 had shaken the English hold on Scotland. Edward I assembled a large army and on 22 July 1298 defeated William Wallace's men near the river Carron.
battle of Formigny
(15 April 1450)A battle in the Hundred Years War. English forces were intercepted by French troops on their way to reinforce the garrison at Caen. Despite successes won by their archers, the English ...
battle of Lewes
1264.In the early hours of 14 May 1264, before sunrise, the army of Simon de Montfort advanced on Lewes (Sussex), where Henry III's forces lay. Although outnumbered, Montfort won a complete victory. ...
battle of Methven
1306.On 19 June 1306 a small force under Robert I Bruce was routed at Methven, near Perth, by an army commanded by Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, acting for Edward I. But within a year Bruce ...
battle of Tinchebrai
1106.Henry I and his elder brother Robert of Normandy had been in contention over the succession to England and Normandy since 1100, when William II ‘Rufus’ died. In 1106 Henry sought to settle the ...
battle of Verneuil
1424.The first task of John, duke of Bedford, regent for the infant Henry VI, was to preserve Henry V's gains in France. In the summer of 1424 he began a campaign to conquer Anjou and Maine, but was ...
Berwick-on-Tweed
Northumbrian coastal town at the mouth of the river Tweed. Berwick was a disputed Anglo‐Scottish border town and changed hands thirteen times before finally being recognized as English in 1482. The ...
Boudicca
(d. ad 62),a queen of the Britons, ruler of the Iceni tribe in eastern England; also known as Boadicea. Boudicca led her forces in revolt against the Romans and sacked Colchester, St Albans, and ...
Brian Boru
(d. 1014),king of Munster, who after successfully establishing his dominance as high king was finally killed in battle against the Norse at Clontarf; he is seen as the type of an early Irish warrior ...
Britain Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
The Iron Age communities of Britain were essentially agrarian societies in loosely defined tribal territories, with those of the southeast
Britain Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
[This entry contains nine subentries, on British sources from 500–1000, 1000–1300, and 1300–1500; an overview of British
Britain Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
The largest of the British Isles, including what is now called England, Wales, and Scotland. Until Roman
Britain (400–1100) Reference library
The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
The various post-Roman inhabitants of Britain – British, Pictish, Anglo-Saxon, Viking – practiced versions of “nature religion,” in that they
