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analytical chemistry
The branch of chemistry concerned with analysing materials by chemical (or physical) methods.
atom
The smallest part of an element that can exist. An atom is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by motile electrons. See also electron, proton, neutron, subatomic.
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (1779–1848) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Earth
(1779–1848)
The Swede J. J. Berzelius, ‘the greatest chemist of his day’, made important contributions to the
Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, Baron (1779–1848) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
one of the founders of modern chemistry. His accomplishments include the discovery of cerium, selenium, and thorium;
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob Quick reference
A Dictionary of Scientists
(1779–1848) Swedish chemist
Born in Väversunda, Sweden, Berzelius's early life was marked by a struggle to obtain a satisfactory education. In ...
Charles Frédéric Gerhardt
(1816–1856) French chemistGerhardt was the son of an Alsatian chemical manufacturer from Strasbourg. He was educated at the universities of Karlsruhe, Leipzig, and Giessen where he studied under ...
chemical bond
A strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal. In general, atoms combine to form molecules by sharing or transferring electrons in their outer shells. Typically ...
chemical equivalent
The combining proportion of a substance, by mass, relative to a hydrogen standard. The chemical equivalent of an element is the number of grams of that element that will combine with or replace 1 g ...
clinical chemistry
A branch of applied biochemistry concerned with the nature and determination of chemical substances of interest in the investigation of diseases.
Comte Claude-Louis Berthollet
(1748–1822) French chemistBorn in Talloires, France, Berthollet studied medicine at Turin and gained his MD in 1768. He went to Paris in 1772 where he began publishing chemical researches in 1776 and ...
Eilhard Mitscherlich
(1794–1863) German chemistMitscherlich, who was born at Neuende in Germany, studied oriental languages at Heidelberg and Berlin. He then turned to the study of medicine at Göttingen in 1817, where he ...
electrolysis
The production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current through an electrolyte. In electrolysis, positive ions migrate to the cathode and negative ions to the anode. The reactions ...
ion
An atom or group of atoms that has either lost one or more electrons, making it positively charged (a cation), or gained one or more electrons, making it negatively charged (an anion).
Justus von Liebig
(1803–73)German organic chemist who worked at Gessen in Frankfurt. Liebig was the first to recognise that two different chemical compounds can have the same formula. He also developed a method of ...
mass action
The law of mass action states that the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place at a given temperature is proportional to the product of the active masses of the reactants. The active mass of a ...
metal
Metals were traditionally divided into noble or precious metals (gold, silver, and platinum, which resist corrosion) and base or imperfect metals (such as lead). In heraldry, metal is used for the ...
mineralogy
The scientific study of minerals, comprising crystallography, mineral chemistry, economic mineralogy, and determinative mineralogy (concerned mainly with physical properties).
selenium
n. a trace element that is an essential component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which catalyses the oxidation of glutathione by hydrogen peroxide. It thus has important antioxidant ...
silicon
A naturally occurring, non‐metallic element, which is a major component of many types of rocks and minerals and accounts for 27.2% of the Earth's crust
